Psychoanalitic Approach to The Minister’s Black Veil Essays -- Ministe

All within hearing immediately turned about, and beheld the semblance of Mr. Hooper, pacing slowly his meditative modality towards the meeting-house. With single accord they started, expressing more venerate than if some strange minister were coming to dust the cushions of Mr. Hoopers pulpit Working in the realm of the Gothic, Nathaniel Hawthorne hits upon psychological points that few of his readers are willing to explore. Of course, one may not be able to relate to an example involving such an eccentric display as Mr. Hoopers. There is a sudden hush throughout the audience, followed by a rush of low whispering. He walks past them, oblivious to the goings-on and proceeds to the front. Something has changed, and everyone is aware. It is painfully obvious that he wanted everyone to know, for the wounds of the change were self-inflicted Putting the scenario this way helps to give an anonymous and general view to the former example. This method is used to show how realistic, even co mmon, this somewhat absurd event may actually be. In a psychological analysis, this is a necessary element in both de-personalizing a situation and giving it potential for universal application. In Hawthornes The attends Black Veil, many interpretations by way of psychological analysis are possible, and, once exposed, quite apparent. Once revealed, there are many routes for sagacity the story in a psychoanalytical context. The main approaches this essay will take involve a Jungian analysis, that is, one involving the use of some of the theories and conclusions of German psychoanalyst and pioneer, Carl Gustav Jung, a former student and friend of Sigmund Freud, in interpreting the actions of the characters in the story. Jungs discord with Fr... ...Jung, whose assertions not only help in the clinical aspect, but in the search for the common message in all of human literary (this includes oral) tradition. Hawthornes Gothic shows, whether conscious or not, the underlying remainder th at lies within the people of his time as well as the time in which each of his stories take place. It is with this that the key to understanding the self lies within the ordinarily untapped recesses of the unconscious, an uncomfortable and unnerving concept for everyone, particularly those that have many things to hide. Works Cited Jung, Carl Gustav. Abstracts of the Collected Works of Carl G. Jung. Rockville, Maryland. 1976. Jung, Carl G. The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche. Tr. R. F. C. Hull. New York, NY. 1960 Lauter, Paul, et al. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. New York, NY Boston, Mass. 1998

Three Different Types of Human Memory Essay example -- Human Mind, Bra

Memory is the diary we all carry about with us, Oscar Wilde once said. Now for a second imagine a life without any memories One wouldnt be able to remember his/her name, how to look after themselves or to even recognize their sustain friends and family. It would be impossible to live happily without ones memories. That is why our memories are such vital points in our lives. They are the building blocks of our current selves. Due to those reasons it is very utilitarian to find as much information regarding it as possible. For that very purpose this research paper has been written. The purpose of this research is to uncover the truth regarding how the human whiz stores and retrieve memories. Throughout this research, topics such as definition of memory, types of memory, diseases resulting in difficulties with memory, as well as the most known phenomena djvu which is cause by a certain type of memory process will be discussed. The word memory can be defined in many ways depending on t he field that the term memory is used in. To start of, the most commonly used definition for the term memory is the name given to the humans ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the brain. It is a sum of what we remember in total and it enables us to learn and oblige from previous experiences and to build relationships. Etymologically, the modern English word memory has originated from the passed down Latin word memoria and memor which means mindful and remembering. In neurological and psychological cost memory is simply classified as a set of encoded neural connections in the brain. Since the development of the computer in the 1940s, the word memory is also used to describe the ability of a compu... ...althcommunities.com/parkinsons-disease/symptoms.shtmlMastin (2010). The Human Memory. Retrieved January 26, 2014, from http//www.human-memory.net/types.htmlMemory of Time May Be Factor in Parkinsons (vol.21). (1996). Retrieved from Columbia University Record website http//www.columbia.edu/cu/ go into/archives/vol21/vol21_iss22/record2122.15.htmlUniversity of Toronto (2004, May 7). Scientists Uncover How Brain Retrieves And Stores Older Memories. Science Daily.What makes the human brain unique? (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2014, from http//www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/WhoAmI/FindOutMore/Yourbrain/Howdoesyourbrainwork/Whatarethepartsofyourbrain/Whatmakesthehumanbrainunique.aspxWhen deja vu is more than just an odd feeling. (2006, February 13). Retrieved from http//www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=2c4f7afd-5a3a-4e52-a2fb-bc729692bfb4&k=48785

Thoughts on Ethan Frome Essay -- essays research papers

When I first knew I had to read a novel named Ethan Frome, I, without reading the substantiate cover, suspected that it would be a boring biography of some historical and adventurous man of whom I would never head about outside of belles-lettres class. I was worried that I would have my usually difficult time getting involved with this book. However, I was pleasantly surprised that my interest began to grow as soon as page five.The first feeling I get from Ethan Frome is a sense of cold isolation. The cover of my version of the book is a woolly-headed picture of a dark house surrounded with twig-like trees, cold and empty snow and a burnt sandy colored sky. The vision especially touch me because my moods are influenced by weather and surroundings. For example, I am my happiest when the sky has that distinctive clarity to itthe kind where there is no barrier of hazy fog betwixt the air we breathe and that deep frosty blue color. Therefore, seeing such a dark world with no blue s ky puts my mind in a dismal type of mode. I despise winter the novel takes place in that season. I also get a sense of remnant and extinction. A few examples are the exanimate remnants of Ethans sawmill and the dead vines on the farmhouses front porch. The towns name Starkfield, says it all. I am beginning to think that the winter setting is just a parallel for Ethan, considering all the darkness and hardship he has supposedly gone through.I believe...

Is Abortion the Best Option? Essay -- essays research papers

LIFEMany people talk about many issues. Some are more heated than others are. Abortion is an issue that divides are nation like no other. Religions, sexes, and even political parties take opposite sides on the issue. The question is, which opinion is morally permissible? What is abortion you might call for? In the Merriam-Webster dictionary, abortion was defined as induced termination of pregnancy and expulsion of embryo or fetus cessation of normal growth, prior to salutary development or maturation. In simple terms, the killing of an embryo and extracting it.Where did all this rage and brewing arguments come from? Well, in 1973 the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Jane Roe in a 7-2 decision. This decision allowed abortions to be legal in all 50 states that were performed within the first trimester of pregnancy. Prior to this decision, an abortion was completely performed to save a mothers life. Since this controversial decision was made, the issue of abortion rings throughout American society everyday (Goldman, Jerry).As briefly after the decision in 1973, the American people quickly jumped to one side or a nonher. These two sides were pro-life and pro- pick. A pro-choice person believes that this development embryo is merely a mass of tissue just as developing skin cells or liver cells. This person believes that it is the womans choice whether to have the baby or not. The baby is be carried within her body and being provided nutrients by her, and stopping the development of this fetus for any reason is not wrong. This group strongly agrees with the 1973 Supreme Court decision and pushes for more abortion honests.A pro-lifer believes that the unborn child is a human being and has the right to live. Aborting this unborn child is considered an act of murder to this group. John Noonan is a professor of law at the University of Berkeley. Noonan is a Roman Catholic philosopher who argues abortion is morally wrong. He defends the conservative view (pro-lif e) by stating, an entity becomes a person at conception and that abortion, except to save the mothers life, is morally wrong. He believes that fetuses are spare human beings, and since it is wrong to kill innocent human beings, which fetuses are innocent humans, it is wrong to kill fetuses. (Abortion) Noonan asks the question How do you determine the humanity of a being? He goes o... ...hich 390 are ovulated. Once spermatozoon and ovum meet, studies show that only about 20 percent have a chance at unprompted abortion. In simple terms, the chance of a fetus developing is 1 out of 5 times. This seems to be outstanding odds. (Biology Book)The next issue to be discussed is experience. pro-choice would argue that one who has experienced, lived and suffered, one who possess memories, is more human than one who has not. This distinction is not serviceable. An embryo after eight weeks is experiencing, as it is responsive to mention and sensation. Furthermore, if a human has lost his mem ory due to say aphasia, then is he not human? Based on this issue he would not be. Nor would the man who has never loved or learned, for these are certainly human experiences.Finally, I must sum everything up with some biblical reasoning, being a strong believer in God. The word of God states, do not injure your fellow man without reason. In these terms, once the humanity of a fetus is perceived.(Abortion Facts) Abortion simply violates the equality of human life. So I end with a question, are abortions wrong? You decide.

Ahab as the Hero of Moby Dick Essay -- Moby Dick Essays

Ahab as theHero of Moby Dick One might think it a difficult task to risk a tragic hero hidden in the pages of Moby Dick. Yet, there is certainly potential for viewing Ahab as heroic despite unfavorable responses to him by the reader. In the original formula coming from the Greeks, the tragic hero had to be a high-born individual of elevated status possessed of a fatal flaw which resulted in their downfall. With Othello Shakespeare redefined elevated status to include position alone rather than being linked to societal or birth status. In this way it was possible for Othello as the military leader to be the tragic hero despite being an outsider in the composition of the society. Melville follows this example in Moby-Dick. On board the Pequod, Ahab as the ships captain assumes the role of king or dictator that gives him the elevated status to fit this traditional view of the hero (Millhauser 76). Melville himself wrote Men may seem unspeakable . . . men may have mean and meagre faces but man, in the ideal, is so noble and so sparkling, such a grand and glowing creature, that everyplace any ignominious blemish in him all his fellows should run to throw their costliest robes . . . . If, then, to meanest mariners, and renegades and castaways, I shall hereafter ascribe high qualities, though dark weave bicycle them tragic graces . . . then against all mortal critics bear me out in it, thou just Spirit of Equality, which has spread one royal mantle of cosmos over all my kind . . . . Thou who, in all Thy mighty, earthly marchings, ever cullest Thy selectest champions from the kingly commons bear me out in it, O graven image (444-445) Melville takes the traditional heroic view and reinterprets it from the American... ... halters round their necks but it is only when caught in the swift, sudden turn of death, that mortals realize the silent, subtle, ever-present perils of life (Melville 545). With these words, Ahabs fate is linked with a universal fate of ma nkind. Through this common denominator, Ahabs struggle becomes that of all men everywhere. In Ahab, Melville developed an unlikely hero. He is not always appealing, but he does seek within his own realm of knowledge and experience to overcome what he perceives as a major evil force. Ultimately, Ahab gives his life in prosecution of a betterment for everyone. Works Cited Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick. 8 Classic American Novels. Ed. David Madden. San Diego Harcourt, 1990. Millhauser, Milton. The Form of Moby-Dick. Critics on Melville. Ed. Thomas J. Rountree. Coral Gables U of Miami P, 1972. 76-80.

Ahab as the Hero of Moby Dick Essay -- Moby Dick Essays

Ahab as theHero of Moby Dick One might gestate it a difficult task to find a tragic adept hidden in the pages of Moby Dick. Yet, there is certainly potential for viewing Ahab as brave despite unfavorable responses to him by the reader. In the original formula coming from the Greeks, the tragic hero had to be a heights-born individual of elevated status feature of a fatal flaw which resulted in their downfall. With Othello Shakespeare redefined elevated status to include position alone rather than being linked to societal or suffer status. In this way it was possible for Othello as the military leader to be the tragic hero despite being an outsider in the composition of the society. Melville follows this pattern in Moby-Dick. On board the Pequod, Ahab as the ships captain assumes the role of king or dictator that gives him the elevated status to fit this traditional view of the hero (Millhauser 76). Melville himself wrote Men may seem detestable . . . men may have mean and meagre faces but man, in the ideal, is so noble and so sparkling, much(prenominal) a grand and glowing creature, that over any ignominious blemish in him all his fellows should run to throw their costliest robes . . . . If, then, to meanest mariners, and renegades and castaways, I shall hereafter ascribe high qualities, though dark weave round them tragic graces . . . then against all mortal critics sustain me out in it, thou just Spirit of Equality, which has fete one royal mantle of humanity over all my kind . . . . Thou who, in all Thy mighty, earthly marchings, ever cullest Thy selectest champions from the kingly commons bear me out in it, O God (444-445) Melville takes the traditional heroic view and reinterprets it from the American... ... halters round their necks but it is only when caught in the swift, sudden turn of death, that mortals realize the silent, subtle, present perils of life (Melville 545). With these words, Ahabs fate is linked with a universal fate of m ankind. Through this common denominator, Ahabs struggle becomes that of all men everywhere. In Ahab, Melville developed an unlikely hero. He is not always appealing, but he does seek within his own realm of knowledge and experience to overcome what he perceives as a major(ip) evil force. Ultimately, Ahab gives his life in pursuit of a betterment for everyone. Works Cited Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick. 8 Classic American Novels. Ed. David Madden. San Diego Harcourt, 1990. Millhauser, Milton. The Form of Moby-Dick. Critics on Melville. Ed. Thomas J. Rountree. Coral Gables U of Miami P, 1972. 76-80.

Oregon measure

Introduction In 1994, voters of Oregon passed footprint 11,which forced bulky compulsory prison house terms for 16 designated boisterous and sex-related offenses, prohibited earned time,1 and provided for mandatory waiver of youthful wrongdoers to bighearted court. This measure stood in nipping contrast to sentencing practices at that time, overlaying the states existing sentencing guidelines outline for selected offenses, increase the length of prison terms imposed, and reducing judicial discretion at the sentencing phase.The master(prenominal) challenge facing every mavin is Should Measure11 be repealed. YesClaims For Removal Of Measure 11According to studies nethertaken, if measure 11 were repealed, Oregon would save over $612 million in the next 10 years. The nest egg on new prison construction alone would be $153.6 million dollars between 2000 and 2010. For some(prenominal) crimes that are money worth spending, but for stealing 2 tires, or stealing a petty amount, an d bus pass or fighting, that is wasting our tax dollars that should be going to schools/education, instead of prisons.Mandatory minimum sentencing means one has to serve every hour of every day of ones sentence no matter what. No good time, no early thaw, no boot camp. As high as 67% people, under Measure 11 Are First Time Offenders and 35% are under 21 years of age.Instead of store people and spending money on more prisons, we should be investing in prevention political programs, and look for a substitute to sentencing plans that have been proven to be far-off more successful with far less cost.In the present form, Measure 11 sentences surpass any lesser existing guideline sentences for 21 violent and sex offenses the original 16, plus 5 more added later. Sentences range from 70 months for second-degree assault, kidnapping, robbery, and certain sex offenses, to 300 months for murder. Penalties may not be reduced because of the offender s prior record regardless of whether an of fender has a evil record, or the length of such record, minimum sentences are the same for all offenders.Thus, some penalties are actually higher under sentencing guidelines in instances where an offender has an extensive roughshod record. In general, however, Measure 11 penalties are longer than those imposed under sentencing guidelines. Juveniles aged 15 years or older are also subject to the measure. Many people believe that the measure would negatively affect criminal justice system operations, and reduce system integrity. In terms of system operation, opponents expected the measure to lead to an increase in jury trials and prison populations, overburdening both(prenominal) the courts and the correctional system. At the same time, they expected an increase in jail sentences.People opposing this feel that Measure 11 trials are an undesirable risk, because mandatory sentences pooh-pooh any possibility of judicial caution in sentencing. Rep. Bowman believes that a judge should have some liberty, in setting the sentence for the person nominate guilty, after investigating all the facts in the case and the background of the defendant. Many of them think that juveniles deserve some consideration from the judge. Judges feel that Measure 11 is too harsh in some cases. Some Assault II and Robbery II charges are uncertain, and sex offenses are serious because of lifetime registry requirements, but judges have no choice but to impose the obligatory sentences.Judge Sullivan remarks opponents concerns about lengthy sentences for juveniles. There are very few serve provided to those in the adult system. With no possibility of early release, juveniles have no incentives to re-establish themselves. Defense attorney Wehmeyer also mentions that prisoners cannot earn good time for earlier release and have no enthusiasm to behave. Jackson County officials are concerned that Measure 11 focuses on punishment instead of rehabilitation. Rep. Bowman believes that funds would be bettered worn out(p) on treatment and therapy than on mandatory prison terms.Rep. Bowman is concerned that Measure 11 discriminates against racial minorities and the poor, who cannot afford high-priced lawyers. She points to statistics that show that although African-Americans comprise besides 2 percent of the states juvenile population, they are 16 percent of the juveniles serving time under Measure 11. Multnomah Countys Juvenile law-breaking Trends Report of March 1999 confirms that despite being approximately 10% of the total youth population (10-17 yrs.). In Multnomah County, African-Americans are over-represented in the juvenile justice system at 21% to 23% of the offender population.Opponents point out that juvenile crime had been decreasing both nationally and in Oregon before Measure 11 was implemented. They believe that the measure was harsh and inflexible, and that it discriminated against racial minorities and the poor.Counter ArgumentProponents of the measure belie ved that these enhanced penalties would improve public safety by deterring future criminal behavior and increasing the length of time that felons who commit serious crimes spend in prison.District attorney Hehn believes that the certainty of mandatory prison terms is a real deterrent to criminal behavior by juveniles. She feels that juveniles did not take the previous juvenile justice system seriously. District attorney Heiser also feels that Measure 11 has been a obstruction for younger teens and a reflection that the public was fed up with coddling teenagers.Measure 11 did have an sham on the crime rates in Oregon. nuisance rates, particularly for violent crime, declined in Oregon after 1995. According to various surveys the findings are consistent with the possibility that Measure 11 may have been at least partly responsible for this decline, such findings do not provide clear evidence of a causal link. An examination of otherfactors, different opinions, and further surveys, w ould subscribe to be made before definite conclusions can be drawn.The only things unforeseen about Measure 11 are, that the drop in crime has been far greater than expected and the cost has been far less than predicted. As per studies, Oregons violent crime rate dropped 41 percent from 1995 to 2001 while the number of extra prison beds required by Measure 11 was less than half the original estimate.ConclusionMeasure 11 has been in effect for only four years. It is difficult to determine its total, long effects on public safety and justice in Oregon. It remains a highly charged and emotional issue.The result of various studies indicate that musical passage of Measure 11 has altered sentencing and case processing practices for those charged with serious person offenses in the state of Oregon. While some of these were planned system changes, others were unwitting and are not fully understood. The measure can be considered a success in that it has accomplished its intended goal of i ncreasing the length of prison sentences for offenders convicted of Measure11- eligible offenses. However, since passage of the measure, fewer offenders have been sentenced for the Measure 11 offenses, and a greater proportion have been sentenced for Measure11-alternate offenses.Analyses suggest that this move resulted from the use of prosecutorial caution and the diminution of cases which, though technically Measure11-eligible, were not deemed appropriate for the associated mandatory minimum penalty. Although the selective use of Measure 11, along with Oregon s prison construction program and reduced crime rates, has enabled the state to avoid the negative consequences of prison overcrowding, the process by which cases are being chosen for either full or incomplete prosecution is unclear. Prosecutors who were interviewed were confident in their ability to apply the measure properly however, it is not clear what criteria were used in making their decisions, or whether these criter ia were constantly and equitablyapplied. Further research should address how discretion is exercised and charging decisions made under Measure 11.Oregon s Measure 11 introduced bold changes into the sentencing structure of the state. Surveys addressed the execution and impact of the measure on prosecution, sentencing, and convictions, both statewide and in three other counties also. As with many policy changes, some of the observed consequences were expected, others were not. Further research and have got with the measure will provide more definitive answers to the questions raised.There are many things said about Measure 11. This measure has its share of pros and cons. Whatever be it, offenders preceding(prenominal) 15 should be given a fair chance for rehabilitation, proper education and good facilities. The offenders should have separate premises and not be clubbed with the adult offenders. The introduction of the Measure 11 is mainly to reduce the rate of crime in teenagers, a nd it should focus on that aspect only.Hence it is very necessary that Measure 11 should live up to its standards and abide by the rules and regulations of the law.Works CitedOregon Mandatory Min Sentencing Law Measure 11 Oregon Department of Corrections Statistics, 6 celestial latitude 2006. http//www.angelfire.com/ms/oregonmeasure11/.Bob, Dee Dee Kouns, Crime Victims United, 6 December 2006http//www.crimevictimsunited.org/measure11/rebuttal.htm.League of Women Voters of Oregon Education Fund, 6 December 2006,

Module Five: The Sacraments Essay

Trace the development of the festivity of the Sacrament of the eucharist from the azoic church with special reference to how it is understood and celebrated in the Church since the endorse Vatican Council.Assignment 3. Trace the development of the solemnisation of the Sacrament of the ordinance from the early church with special reference to how it is understood and celebrated in the Church since the Second Vatican Council. We all make water experience of celebration. When I think of a celebration what comes to mind are the external factors, the cake, candles, and the food. Sometimes we forget the real esteeming of celebration, the story behind the festivity. The celebration of the ordinance of the Eucharist is where we find our story.This essay go forth outline the development of the celebration of the Sacrament of the Eucharist from the Early Church, paying particular focus on how the Eucharist is celebrated in the church since the Second Vatican Council. Sacraments in the Roman Catholic Church celebrate something, and that something is to do with matinee idols love and grace, experienced and related to anes own story. (CCRS notes). Vatican IIs desire was to restore the sacraments back to the centre of Church life. The earliest celebration of the Eucharist were home Masses (Acts 246 says they broke cole at home) blush with small numbers these early delivererians were establishing the traditions for the future. There is clear evidence of Christ in the Eucharist. There is clear evidence of his monotonous love. What makes the bread sacred is not magic but the reality of the words. (Huebsch 1989).For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you The Lord deliveryman, on the iniquity he was betrayed, took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, This is my body, which is for you do this in remembrance of me. In the same way, after supper he took the cup, saying, This cup is the new arrangement in my blood do this, whe never you drink it, in remembrance of me.(Corinthians 1123-30) The bread and wine for the early Christians was much more than a meal, it was a overture together of thecommunity of God, each time a reference is made about the bread or the wine it is a reference to the people of God. For Huebsch the early Christians like us today are accepting the whole community of God when receiving communion, all his people with their strengths and weakness. An important development for the celebration of the Eucharist was the try from the home Mass of the very early Church to the Eucharist of the larger public buildings. The large basilicas allowed for processions. Sunday became a holiday, giving more time for Christians to celebrate.Liturgies became thirster and more elaborate. In these early days, the celebrant at the sacrament of the Eucharist had considerable freedom to compose their own prayers for the Mass. Soon, however, standardisation set in, as the various communities began to put on e across the prayers of their more articulate celebrants. (Kellly1998) In the Fourth century, Constantines toleration of Christianity (313) led to its rapid spread throughout the Roman Empire. This led to significant changes in the celebration of the sacrament of the Eucharist. Latin became the standard language of the liturgy. At first, the assemblies met in basilicas later they built and dedicated churches and the clergy grew in numbers. During this era, they began to wear special clerical clothes. The sacrificial aspect of the Eucharist grew in importance, while the meal symbolism faded into the background (Kelly 1998).This period nid utilise Christs divinity this led to the people intent less(prenominal) worthy to approach the Lord. As a result, there was a decline in the reception of communion. Theologians in the Middle Ages debated the meaning of the real presence of Christ in the Eucharistic bread and wine. They used the term transubstantiation to describe the mystery of th e bread and wine being changed into Jesus risen body and blood. The stress was on the sacrificial nature of the mass. There was a growing sense that the laity were spectators to a drama unfolding on the altar. This led to a feeling that the consecration was the high point of the Mass. Emphasis fell, not on receiving Jesus in communion, but on seeing and adoring the Eucharistic Lord. Since fewer laity were receiving communion, a small round wafer (called host) substituted the traditional loaf of bread. (CCRS notes). As so few were receiving Holy Communion, the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) passed a law that required Catholics to receive communion at least once a year. Practices that focused on Eucharistic devotion began to appear.These included Elevation of the Hostand chalice at Mass. The priest had his back to the people, he had to hold the host and chalice up high. People would sometimes call out, Hold it higher, priest. Some were so keen on this practice they would run from one c hurch to another just to be there for the moment of consecration (ODeasss 2013) .The Eucharistic prayer was recited silently by the priest except for the words of consecration which were voiced a little louder but not so loud as to be heard by the people because the people couldnt hear the Eucharistic prayer, and even if they could they would not understand the Latin, many filled in the time by reciting the rosary or other devotional prayers during Mass. (ODeasss 2013) The sixteenth century brought about the Protestant Reformation.The Council of Trent (1545-1563) met to correct some of the abuses that had crept into the Church. It also defended some Catholic beliefs attacked by the Reformers. In the area of the Eucharist, the church fathers reaffirmed the real presence of Jesus and the adequacy of the theological term, transubstantiation. They also defended the sacrificial nature of the Mass against the Reformers. Most significantly, Pope Pius V published a Roman Missal (1570) to br ing uniformity to the official ritual. The Church then used this for the next four hundred years. (CCRS notes) Since the reform of 1570, a lot more was teached about the Eucharist of the early Church and this enabled Vatican II to restore the liturgy more accurately to the traditions that had been lost.Vatican IIs key document the composing on the Sacred Liturgy (1963) led to the renewal of all the Sacraments. Important changes that we set about for granted today include the following celebrating the Mass in the vernacular language so we can understand more fully what it means the Liturgy of the Word has greater importance Guidelines instruct the homilist to develop the homily based on the readings. The Sunday readings revolve around a three-year cycle this emphasis has sponsored Catholics discover the scriptures. The altar now faces the people, this invites a clearer understanding of what is going on at the Eucharist, and it also symbolically opens the Mass to fuller participat ion by all those present. at presents Mass includes the Prayer of the Faithful, which links the Eucharistic worship to the whole church, the world, and the suffering in the community. Active congregational participation is an important feature of the post-Vatican II liturgy.Before, we commonly spoke of attending Mass. Today, we emphasise, celebrating the Eucharist. TheMass is not a private affair. It is public worship in which the community, led by the priest, joins in thanking, praising, and adoring God together. The laity assumes many ministerial roles today, for example, as readers, Eucharistic ministers, choir members, greeters, and gift bearers. Vatican II wished to make the Eucharist a celebration of the entire community. Many of the reforms help us better understand the symbolism and meaning of the mass. They also help us gather together as a worshipping community. (Kelly 1998). Pope John capital of Minnesota 11 mentioned this vital connection when he stated the Eucharist ma kes the Church and the Church makes the Eucharist.The council did encourage changes in the liturgy. However, many people have misinterpreted this message and have down played the importance of the Eucharist in the Church and in our personal lives. Some members of the Church will claim that this council stated that the Eucharist is only a symbol, thus denying the Real Presence. On the contrary, almost every Vatican II document speaks of the Real Presence, and implies that we need to increase our devotion to Jesus in the raise Sacrament. Really sharing in the body of the Lord in the breaking of the Eucharistic bread, we are taken up into communion with him and with one another. (Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium) 1963)This essay has traced the development and celebration of the sacrament of the Eucharist from the early Christian Church and has demonstrated that the focus at this time was sharing, participating, celebrating and making a personal connection with God. It has also explained that since the establishment and development of the early Catholic Church, the real meaning of the Eucharist was lost and people no longer tangle connected to the sacraments. They were observers in the church rather than taking an active role. Since the Second Vatican Council, the Catholic Church attempted to involve the people and encourage them to experience Jesus real presence through the sacrament.In brief, the Eucharist is the sum and summary of our religious belief. Our way of thinking is attuned to the Eucharist, and the Eucharist in turn confirms our way of thinking. (1327 Catechism) The celebration of the Eucharist is a call, a call of the risen Christ who continues to give himself to us calling us to his banquet, through this celebration we can participate in our faith more richly. As Pope Benedictexplained so passionately I encourage you all to discover ever more fully in the sacrament of Christs sacrificial love (Paclva 2013).BibliographyCatholic Church. Catechism of the Catholic Church. Geoffrey Chapman.1994. CCRS notesDogmatic Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium) 1963Good News Bible, Second edition 1994The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (Sacrosanctum Concilium) 1963 ODeasss,F http//theeucharist.wordpress.com/the-author/ Eucharist the basic spiritually, 2013 Huebsch, B Rethinking the sacraments, London, 1989Pacliva, M The Eucharist A Bible study for Catholics, USA, 2013 Kelly, L Sacraments Revisited, What do they mean today, 1998

The health issues of obesity which is defined as an eating disorder and an associated serious health concern

With in this assignment I will discuss the wellness issues of obesity which is defined as an alimentation disorder and an associated serious wellness concern that is defined by excess weight Colditz & Dietz, (1999) I will in like manner discuss the holist issues that may impact on an individual healthy lifestyle. I will identify one g everywherenment policy that has been put in place to dish up alleviate the problem of obesity, and look the nurses role in relation to the policy.Using relevant evidence such as literature reviews and researched articles I will support my findings, and abstain by adult an overall summary of the of import point of this essay. BMI is widely used to define obesity (WHO, 1998). And is calculated as BMI = Weight (kg)/Height2 (m). A person that is obesity has a larger amount of extra body fat and is more prone to the risks of serious health problems such as Heart disease, stroke, High blood compel and Diabetes. (Cynthia Haines 2005).Obesity can be he reditary, moreover only develops from overeating, irregular meals and having a lack of daily physical activity Arne Astrup (2005) The Holism impact involves looking at every aspect of a persons life and wellbeing and trying to understand the reasons why they have developed theses holistic issues. This may involve there physical, physiological, favorable and spiritual impacts of there lifes. Kolcabu,R. ,1997 defines holism as the belief that a whole person can consist of these compartments and suggest that these compartments are intimately connected with a persons physical body.The psychological impact of obesity may consist of low self-image and lack of confidence, social taint, reduced mobility and a poorer quality of life, pear-shaped children and adolescents face branding and discrimination in many areas of their lives. It has been assumed that their psychological well-being will be compromised both as a direct consequence of this social adversity, and indirectly through nega tive reflected self-appraisal. Wardle J. (2005) The holist social impact on obesity can result from an underlying pathological condition, e. . hypothyroidism which is a condition in which the body lacks adequate thyroid hormone, the current trends lie with an increasingly sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary habits, which are particularly seen in the lower socio-economic groups. (National statistics 2001) Research has also suggested that the main problem is the continual reduction in the amount of exercise masses take and make dod that many overweight children have overweight parent which is often a matter of a familys lifestyle. Dr Rob Hicks 2006).The spiritual issues of obesity may involve the lack of meaning and purpose of how they perceives there out look on life, It has been suggested that psychological classes and therapies sessions may provide individuals the opportunity to develop some insight into there old patterns of life and develop healthier skills which can in turn h elp and deal with there issues of obesity that can then increase there likelihood of restoring a healthier life style.Physical activity are also a major aspect on a persons life in the relation of body composition, it is suggested that weight gain is associated with periods of a lack of activity and argue that by increasing physical activity body fat can be reduced. Behnke, A. , (1974). The Royal College of GPs (2004) have stated that exercise needs to be make more affordable and accessible to stack living in the UK as the Lack of physical activity is found to be the most significant operator to the contribution to childhood obesity and is contributed to inactivitys, such as watching television or sitting playing computer games.Ref I suggest that the over all spectrum of society must work to together to tackle the effects of obesity and may involves marketing less fast food outlets and giving people on low incomes free gym membership, I suggest with theses alteration in place the financial and health impacts on obesity would decrease well as according to The Health Select Committee has estimated that the costs of obesity is around i3. i3. 7 billion per year and suggest if there were less obese people in this country 15,000 fewer people would develop conditions such as coronary heart disease, 34,000 fewer people would developing type 2 diabetes, and 99,000 fewer people would develop high blood pressure. (Department of health 2007) However measures have already been put in place to try and tackle theses health implication.The new NICE guidelines (2006) a government policy have clinical guideline on the prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children and covers how G. Ps and hospitals asses whether people are overweight or obese as well as ways of helping people lose weight and stay healthy.However it is belt up considered that peolel in our socieit can sometimes find it very difficult talk about their w eight issues as There is still a lot of stigma and shame connected to obesity Professor Thomas (2004) I suggest that the nurse role explored in this government policy is to help individuals try remove there obesity as a condition, establish family history and there views around there condition of obesity and consider some of the possible health reasons why weight loss is considered necessary for them, this may accommodate changing there eating patterns and increasing levels of physical activities. NICE 2006) other Interventions may include encouraging the increase of fresh fruit and vegetables (five portions a day) a Government recommendation (Department of health2003). Confectionery firms have also been told to shelve some of their king surface chocolate bars in a bid to tackle obesity however Z Linnell, Bucks, UK argues that It isnt the size of the chocolate bar that is to blame for obesity but the frequency in which people eat it. The DepartmentHowever there are May barriers t hat may discourage healthy eating such as cultural barriers ethnic minority populations wear them view obesity as a more positive with neutral value Kumanyika, s. K 1994. Other barriers may include the lack of knowledge, attitudes, motivation and skills that involve the buying, preparing and eating health foods. . of Health said the NHS already allowed GPs to refer patients to gyms for a subsidised membershipI conclude that this may suggest that all the holistic issues of an individual can be an important aspect for long-term weight and body fat regulation and corking health and effective learning go hand in hand as a healthy body leads to a healthy mind. and agreement with the that by taking the Small Changes of obesity such as promoting physical activity across the board can make Big Difference to peoples long-term health (Caroline Flint 2006)

American Architecture

Beaux humanistic discipline, French for fine arts, describes a type of American architecture that was popular from 1890 to 1920. They have two roof carriages flat or low-pitched pelvic girdle roof or a mansard roof. These buildings often feature decorative garlands, floral patterns, or shields on their walls. The facade often has quoins, pilasters, or columns with Ionic or Corinthian capitals, and masonry walls of light-colored and smooth stone. Arched, pedimented windows were common. The first story uses stonework joints that are exaggerated, giving it a rusticated look, although the facade is usually symmetrical.There are several(prenominal) reasons why Beaux Arts style was a dominant choice of public building architecture from 1890 to 1920. Beaux Arts buildings were a popular architecture choice in prosperous urban settings in cities such as Washington, D. C. , New York, Boston, St. Louis and San Francisco, as well as Newport, Rhode Island. They were big, elaborate buildings t o build, and their construction one was a way to show off your wealth if you were rich. Beaux Arts buildings were the style of choice for rich American industrial barons, for example.However, when the Great Depression hit in the late 1920s, these large buildings became too costly to build and maintain, and all over time several were destroyed. Some have been preserved as public museums, schools, and clubhouses. Another reasons why they were dominant in public building style in America is the French influence. Americans who served in France during World War I saw examples of these buildings and helped make the style popular when they returned home. Americans who studied at Frances Ecole des Beaux-Arts, the best architectural school in the world at that time, advocated for this style of building when they returned to America.The Ecole also favored formal planning for the spatial relationships between buildings. This helped drive the American urban center Beautiful movement, which wa s popular during this time period. This idea also influenced AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE PAGE 3 the Beaux Arts-style employed by designer Richard Morris Hunt for Chicagos 1893 World Columbian Exposition. After this, other large cities, including Cleveland, Philadelphia and Washington D. C., used these formal design ideas in planning suburbs with massive parks and boulevards that were lined with landmark Beaux Arts-style houses. A save reason why Beaux Arts was a popular architectural choice is their roofs appearance. The mansard roof became popular in attached urban town houses because it reduces the obvious height of the upper-floor living space as compared to other nearby buildings. It also gave the homeowner a full upper story of attic space to use, and so it became popular to use this style of roof in remodeling older buildings as well as for new ones.There were tax implications for this style here as well in France, where the mansard roof originated, expanding a home s footprint a dding additional rooms on the ground and increasing square footage meant that the owner would be required to pay heavier taxes on the structure. Building upward expanding square footage vertically rather than horizontally constituted a loophole which helped the property owner to avoid change magnitude taxation on his home. The Great Depression may have brought an end to the cost feasibility and popularity of these lovely structures.From about 1933 onward, homes that were constructed were smaller, plainer and more utilitarian. Fortunatly for us, but happily several of the old Beaux Arts have been preserved for our enjoyment and study in cities across the country, including San Francisco, Portland Oregon, Chicago and Rochester New in cities across the country, including San Francisco, Portland Oregon, Chicago and Rochester New York. yet in times during which real estate markets fall, classic old homes such as Beaux Arts houses and buildings continue to command top prices.

Hrm and Ir

Introduction Human Resources focussing and industrial dealing has different concepts about the determination and functions of the both spheres. The essay deliberates the comparison and contrast on the draw features of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations in academic fields. descriptions of terms HRM and IR will be identified through the review of the beginning and development of these dickens areas. More over, I crap pointed out the theoretical scope of the two subjects and key features of HRM and IR.Finally, there is comparison and contrast between given subjects through the historical retrospective and paper review. Definition of Industrial Relations Why dont we mention the fact that Industrial Relations have hold up a subject of scientific analysis since the end of the nineteenth century, when Sidney and Beatrice Webb (1984) couple published their studies of the regulation of workout in Britain. According to Dale Yoder, industrial relations severalize rela tionships between managements and employees or among employees and their organisations that characterise or grow out of employment. The study of industrial relations may therefore be described as a study of the institutions of job regulation suggested Flanders (1965, 10). It is prevailed for a time is beyond satisfaction of the academic study at present. The view that IR is the study of processes of control over work relations, and among these processes, those involving collective worker organization and action are of particular concern is more adaptable to generalise specific and precisely for the subject. Hyman, 1975) Definition of Human Resource Management Progression of the Human relations movement in the USA was the key point of the HRM terminologys emergency. There have been a large amount of published studies investigating the definition of HRM in diverse standing and approaches, since the first British book on HRM published in the late 1980s, which was notably known as New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Storey 1989).Storey (1989) considers that HRM can be regarded as set of interrelated policies with an ideologic and philosophical underpinning. However, He determined HRM as a specific approach to employment management which aims to achieve competitive advantage through the strategical deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce, using an integrated array of culture, structural and power techniques, which is a comprehensive understanding of HRM. Storey (2007).Sisson (1990) sees HRM of four aspects of employment utilisation an integration of HR policies with business planning a shift in responsibility for HR issues form personnel specialists to line managers a shift from the fabianism of management and, finally, an emphasis on commitment has further understanding of HRM. Ackers (2003) provided a general term on the definition of HRM, HRM refers to all those activities associated with the management of work and concourse in fi rms and in other formal organisations.Basic Research Interest of Human Resource Management The emergence of courses and models in HRM in universities and colleges is related to the fact that two influential journals, Human Resource Management Journal, edited by Keith Sisson at Warwick University, the International Journal of Human Resource Management, edited by Michael Poole at Cardiff were launched in 1990. The amount of literature was increased. Among these papers two appreciable theories is predominant leading, Fombrun et al (1984) matching model and the Harvard framework.Matching model focused on the connection between organizational strategy and HRM, in the meanwhile Frombrun et al divided HRM into four integral parts selection, development, appraisal and reward stressing the significance of efficiency of work performance enhancement. (Marchington, 2005) On the other hand, the Harvard framework (Beer et al, 1985) involve six basic components with a broader expand from the in side out , that is, situational factors, stakeholder interests, policy choices, outcomes, long-term consequences and a feedback loop.However, neither of the models pays close wariness to the respects of employment relationship. John Storeys (2007) model is worth considering framework in HRM studies. Four key elements are summarized as foundational structure of HRM, that is beliefs and assumptions, strategic qualities, critical role of managers and key levers which activate HRM as an essentially tool and techniques for use by practitioners. However, currently HR changes and extends its functions beyond simple administration and personnel management.This area is becoming one of the strategic and reactive activity in the management of both organizations and other bodies. Basic Theory of Industrial Relations Colling et al (2010) comment that Academic industrial relations is now outdated either the problem of the human factor in work have all been solved, or they are better addressed by new approaches such as human resource management or organisational behaviour, however, in the statement by the British Universities Industrial Relations Association (BUIRA), they strongly disagree the claim. BUIRA) During the initiative academic research in IR, predominant focus upon collective institutions and processes which embody passel unions, collective bargaining and strikes are the principal(prenominal)stream scope of IR study. Compared with the origin IR, modern IR emphasized on the experience of work, both individual and collective, and with all sources of the rules that control the employment relationship. Therefore, IR was widely regarded as having two major subdivisions within it.The first dealt with the management of labour, the second with collective bargaining and methods of workforce governance (Russell salvia Foundation, 1919). It should be pointed out, that industrial relations today are in crisis. In academia, its traditional positions are threatened on one s ide by the authorization of mainstream economics and organizational behaviour, and on the other by postmodernism. The importance of work, however, is stronger than ever, and the lessons of industrial relations remain vital. Purcell) Comparison and contrast of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations The interrelation between HRM and IR is complicated. From the one sight, HRM was considered as one of the branch of IR in the early 1960s for majority of scientists, then in modern conditions HRM has largely been regarded as a separate subject underlying distinguish perspectives and divergent points of the field. However, HRM and IR do have some parallels and common plant in employment issues, concerns about personnel and departments and humane labour.From the above, it can be concluded that to a large extent HRM has an inside view of the problem harmonize to the employment, high clean-cuting and labour issues. While IR takes an external prospective with an emphasis on worker s and communities. The purpose and functions are not one and the same for the two spheres. The main purpose of personnel management is an organizational effectiveness using an instrumental approach to the promotion of employees nd interest. As for the IR, the goal is a combination of organizational performance and employee well-being, as well as the workers interest priorities. Generally, IR provides a multi-layer discernment of employment relationships and interconnections between the workplace, the company, the sector, the national regulatory framework in the light of multi-disciplinary approach involving sociology, political science, economics, history and law.HR assumes conflict not inevitable and can be minimized by management IR sees conflicts as inevitable requiring third-party intervention. HRM and IR are distinguished in various respects with different standpoints and approaches. (Sisson) Frequently, HRM teaching accepts managements objectives uncritically, concentrates on activities at company level without exploring the societal and institutional environment, and has its disciplinary basis primarily in psychology and organizational sociology rather than the social sciences more broadly.Despite of the inevitable irreconcilable antagonisms between the two subjects, there is a closely link of HR and IR providing a complementary foundation of the exchange and development of the employment issues. (Ackers) Conclusion The essay discusses the definition of HRM and IR and operative features in academic fields largely through an historical analysis of the two fields respective origins and development. HRM and IR fields are distinguished by numerous differences in their approach to research and practice. ReferenceAckers, P. and Willkinson, A. 2003. Understanding Work and Employment, Oxford University Press Bach, S(ed), 2005, Managing Human Resources, 4th edition, Balckwell Publishing Boxall, P and Purcell, J, 2008, Strategy and HRM, 2nd edition, Palgrave Bru ce E. K, 2001,Human resources and industrial relations Commonalities and differences, Human Resource Review, 11(2001) 339-374 BUIRA 2008. Whats the point of Industrial Relations? A statement by the British Universities Industrial Relations Association Colling, T. and Terry, M. 2010. Work , the employment relationship and the field of Industrial Relations, in Colling, T and Terry, M (eds), Industrial Relations theory and practice (3rd ed), ChinchesterWiley, 3-25 Guest, D. (1987) Human resource management and industrial relations, Journal of Management Studies, 24(5), September 503-521 Hyman, R. 1975. A Marxist Introduction to Industrial Relations. Basingsotoke MacMillan. Paul Edwards edit , Industrial Relations Theory & Practice in Britain, Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1995 Marchington. M and Wikinson. A, 2005, Human Resource at work, 3th editon, CIPD, London Miller, P. 1987) Strategic industrial relations and human resource management distinction, definition and recognition, Journal o f Management Studies, 24(4) July347-361 Sisson, K. (1990) Introducing the Human Resource Management Journal, Human Resource Management Journal, 1(1)1-11 Sisson K. In Search of HRM, op. cit. at 209 Strorey, J(ed), 2007, HRM A critical text. 3rd edition, Routledge Redman, T . Wilkinson. A, 2001, coeval Human Resource Management, Financial Times Yoder Dale, 1948, Personnel Management and Industrial Relations. 3rd edition, New York, Prentice-Hall,Inc.

Odysseus: The Qualities of a Hero Essay

The Odyssey by Homer is one of the most recognized epics in world literature. It traces the decade-long go of Odysseus back to Ithaca after he fought in the Trojan War. He was able to survive the dangerous ten-year voyage which he experienced and safely get into home. Indeed, Odysseus is a truly admirable character, but what what makes him especially laudable is his strong-arm strength, courage, and cunning. One admirable quality which Odysseus possesses is his physical strength. Like all Homeric heroes, Odysseus has remarkable physical strength.In Book 18, he displays such strength even under the disguise of a poor man. other beggar named Arnaeus, also called Irus, insults Odysseus. Arnaeus challenges Odysseus to a fight back and mocks him that he would be easily defeated because he is much older than his opponent. Odysseus truly proves him wrong. Homer writes, Odysseus smote him on the neck beneath the ear and crushed in the bones, and straightway the red blood ran forth from h is mouth (18. 95). This is create of Odysseus strength he was able to defeat a man who was younger than him.While it is professedly that the goddess Athena did strengthen Odysseus for the fight, he was already physically strong to begin with. Another example of Odysseus physical strength can be found in Book 21. In this book, Penelope tells her suitors that she would finally choose the man who could string Odysseus bow and shoot an arrow with it as her husband this arrow should pass by means of each of 12 axes (21. 74-80). None of the suitors succeed in Penelopes given task. Odysseus then offers to string the bow which enrages the suitors because they are terrified he mogul succeed.Later on, he does justify the fears of his foes. According to Homer, even as when a man well-skilled in the lyre and in song easily stretches the string about a new peg, making fast at either end the twisted sheep-gutso without effort did Odysseus string the great bow (21. 405-410). Thus, once again, Odysseus proves his physical strength. Another distinguishing quality which makes Odysseus admirable is his courage. In Book 10, a goddess places Odysseus men in a humiliating situation.Circe drugs Odysseus men and with her wand, she transforms them into pigs and places them in pigsties (10. 235-240). Eurylochus, who was spared from Circes magic because he did not enter her home, immediately goes to Odysseus to tell him what happened to his men. Without hesitation, Odysseus takes his sword and bow to confront the goddess. Eurylochus has become terrified by Circes power that he refuses to come with Odysseus (10. 265-270). This circumstance is a testament to how courageous Odysseus is.While he was aware of the danger which he was about to confront, he proceeded to face the challenge without fear. Unlike Eurylochus, Odysseus dared to challenge Circe to save his men. In Book 12, Odysseus also relegates his courage. Circe warns him about two dangers he would encounter in his trip Scylla and Charybdis. Odysseus asks the goddess, tell me this thing truly, if in any wise I business leader escape from fell Charybids, and ward off that other, when she works harm to my comrades? (12. 111). Circe answers him, Rash man, lo, now again thy heart is set on the deeds of war and on toil (12.116). The inquiry of Odysseus exposes his courage, for he welcomes a fight between him and two enemies at one time. In addition, he disobeyed Circes orders when he wore his armor as his ship approached Scylla. This shows that he was courageous enough to have the intention of fighting the monster. The most admirable quality of Odysseus is his cunning. He proves to be an individual who skillfully uses finesse and deception to further his own ends. Throughout the epic, Odysseus demonstrates his cunning in multiple occasions.In Book 4, both Menelaus and Helen narrate to Telemachus how cunning his father is. According to Helen, Odysseus is dodgy enough to consider dressing up as a beggar to enter enemy territory. In an effort to enter Troy without being noticed, he clothes himself in rags and appears to have cuts and bruises. In such disguise, Odysseus deceives the Trojans and successfully enters the city unnoticed (4. 244-245). Menelaus adds that it was also Odysseus who prevented them from leaving the wooden horse when they were obviously being tricked to reveal themselves (4. 284).In these scenarios, Odysseus was able to contribute to the war effort of the Achaeans through his cunning. However, the most notable example of Odysseus cunning is found in Book 9. Odysseus and his men arrive in the land of Cyclops where the son of Poseidon named Polyphemus resides. They slaughter the goats in his land and consume the cheese from his cave. This angers Polyphemus, and he takes them as prisoners inside his cave. Odysseus then devises a wily plan to defeat the creature. First, he makes the monster drunk from the wine he brought from his ships.As Odysseus pours the wine, Poly phemus asks his name. When Odysseus was sure that Polyphemus was drunk, he responds Noman is my name (9. 366). Polyphemus falls as a terminus of inebriation Odysseus and his men immediately take a hot wooden staff in the eye of the monster. Polyphemus screams in pain, getting the attention of the other Cyclops. When they asked Polyphemus what was happening, he replies It is Noman is slaying me (9. 407). The false name Odysseus gave Polyphemus allows him and his men to escape the monsters lair without being properly identified as the attacker.This incident is the best proof of how cunning Odysseus is. The protagonist of Homers The Odyssey is indeed an admirable character. With his physical strength, courage, and cunning, Odysseus has proven himself a true hero after he overcame all the obstacles in his journey. These three qualities make Odysseus a character which readers can look up to. Work Cited Homer. The Odyssey. Perseus Digital Library. Trans. Samuel Butler. 16 June 2009 .

Food Fair Essay

The fare industries are considered as one of the most important Arabic & unconnected Industries in the world. Over the years, these industries work developed in various degrees technologically and economically and have over the last 5 decades incorporated umteen supranational changes. Their productions have had spread throughout the Arab world and internationally. The products of these industries have grown as well as the raw materials used in the production process, leading to a diverse development in the sustenance industries. The Basic Workings of a Food FairBefore we nookie take down preparation a modal(a), we essential envision a normal idea somewhat the resolution so that our planning butt end be organized, efficient, and effective. Because such a simple pastiche of activities can be part of a good and because a fair can emphasize every number of topics related to anything, its important to think almost the cordial of fair you postulate to hold before you j ump in and begin sending out media alerts. Her we decided to do a victuals fair on the fair drive near the Damascus airport high way which impart take military position in the following Days from 06/06/2008 09/06/2008.From 5 oclock until 11 oclock Determining the features of a food fair erstwhile our constitution decides to hold a food fair, you should begin planning by determining the kind of caseful you neediness to hold. The central considerations are the following billet Time of year Length Purpose Activities Location A food fair can be held indoors or outdoors, and in that location are advantages and disadvantages to both. Outdoors, the enjoyment of attendees is affected by the weather, be it precipitation or temperature.The suit itself whitethorn also be affected, so we will motivation a convenient rain site if we decide to hold our suit outside. Furthermore, our organizations pageants as well as the displays of vendors, booths, or demonstrations will select to be securely anchored in case of wind and protected from rain if the event is rain or shine. Holding the fair indoors virtually frees us from weather concerns (barring bad weather that would prevent people from attending the event), but attendance whitethorn be limited by the size of the building and the availability of parking or different access at the event.Access to indoor facilities may also require the payment of fees, whereas parks and other public areas are often available for free if we give advance notice. An indoor venue may provide ready access to electricity, irrigate, and restrooms, which may not be as convenient in some outdoor locations (but which we may need to provide for an event that boil downes on food). An outdoor event may more readily attract the attention of passers-by and may draw curious people who just happen to tally the banners or an assembly of people.In some cases, the location of the event may be dictated by the purpose and activities of the f air Time of year A food fair can be held during any season of the year, but spring, summer, and fall tallyer the best opportunities for a good turnout. Spring is often a good choice because the event could coincide with the Earth Day (April 20). Summer is a good choice as well because of warm weather and because many fruits and vegetables are in season. People often have more free time during the summer, too, because of the foresighted days.Autumn often offers the best weather, and the focus on the fruit also creates a nice context for festivals that focus on food. Length food fairs can be held for any amount of time ranging from an afternoon to a weekend to a ternary-day or a week-long event. When determining the length of time and day(s) of the week we hold our food fair, bearing in mind the following approachability of volunteers and other resources A fair held on a weekday or that extends beyond the weekend may create conflicts with the work schedules of many willing volunt eers.Similarly, our organization may have limited resources (including brochures, handouts, merchandise, and money), which restrict the length of the event. Conflicts with community observances Although holidays usually guarantee days off for volunteers and attendees, they may be less-than-ideal times to hold a food fair given the frequency of community events that may be held on those days. We want our event to be one of only several events to en trusted media reporting and full participation by the community.Availability of vendors In small communities, vendors who become involved as sellers at a food fair may be able to spare staff for an afternoon, day-long, or weekend event but will need to limit their participation if the fair lasts too long. Similarly, they may have a limited amount of merchandise to sell or may be limited by suppliers in other ways that would affect how long they can participate. If we choose to have vendors and plan to hand out information or make merchand ise of our own available, we will want a wide descriptor of materials that can meet the demands of attendees.Better to have a shorter event that lives up to its billing than to have a longer event in which there is a steady decline in vendors and information available for interested individuals. Purpose Food fairs do have a built-in focus the event is a celebration of the Food lifestyle, and the focus is on food. For some fairs, education about Healthy Food through food sampling, cooking demonstrations, nutrition booths and lectures, may be the purpose of the event. For other events, however, education about human health through food-related activities may be the focus.The purpose of our event will shape the kind of fair we ultimately want to hold and the kinds of activities we want to hold in the event. A food fair can also have a general purpose and include elements of many different aspects. We can combine booths, varied displays, and vendors to create a fair that addresses ma ny interests. A quick survey of the many food fairs that are already taking place in the World reveals that there is no prescription for a successful food fair.But having a purpose in mind will assist us in determining the activities for the fair and prevent us from becoming overwhelmed by the sheer variety of activities that can be part of a food fair. Activities Preliminary thoughts about the type of fair we want to have should include consideration of the kinds of activities we will include to attract the public to our event. The range of activities that are appropriate for a food fair is limited only by imagination. Cooking demonstrations cooking demonstrations are a great addition or centerpiece to a food fair.The demonstration could show attendees how to create quick meals or how to use popular Herbal ingredients. The demonstrations could focus on themes, such as main passs, holiday meals, or desserts, or we could create a series of demonstrations that take place throughout the day. A topical anesthetic chef or cook handwriting author might be interested in putting together such a demonstration. We might also try to book a well- hold upn chef or cookbook author to attract people to our fair. We will need to plan ahead for a cooking demonstration.WE may need to prepare ingredients ahead of time, especially if the site lacks access to running water. We should find out whether our site will have access to electricity and ask about other methods of cooking that may be allowed (for example, gas grill or open flame) before we make other plans for the demonstration. Speakers A well-known local or national vegetarian advocate will attract many people to a food fair because many people will come specifically to break the speaker or purchase his or her book.Having a speaker foreground the food fair is also a good way to kick off or complete an event. Another option is to have a panel of speakers discussing specific issues or taking questions from the audience . Speakers usually charge a fee for speaking, and there may be other details (for example, travel and accommodations) that factor into whether we have a speaker at our food fair. A speaker will need a sound system, and we will need to organize the fair so that a crowd can gather in one place to put on and hear the speaker.If an event involves vendors, exhibits, and booths that are going to continue operation during the speaker, well likely need a separate adjacent area for a speaker. An event with a sterilize itinerary, or an event that is held in a large building with access to different rooms or partitioned areas, however, will not pose this problem. We want to provide the speaker with an opportunity to address a crowd of listeners, so if we plan more than one speaker, we should arrange the food fair and its schedule to highlight each speaker and try to tell that there will be an appropriately sized audience for each.If we are uncertain whether each speaker will get a crowd of participants, we should organize the speakers into a panel instead, and highlight that as the center point of the fair. Music Music can be a focal point or a backdrop during a food fair. Fairs and music seem to go hand in hand the presence of vocalizing or instrumentalists adds a festive touch to a food fair and alerts passersby that the fair is taking place. Exhibits Free-standing, self-explanatory exhibits or staffed booths can provide a variety of information for fair attendees. These booths may offer free samples or free information.A variety of booths widens the appeal of the food fair, and exhibits can include Conserved food products. Oil and ghee produces. Canned and conserved products. Dairy and cheese products. Meat products. scratching, sweets, biscuits, and chocolate products. Ice cream products. Coffee Tea Herbs. Poultry and fish products. Mineral, carbonated water and juice products. Vegetable and fruit products. Pasta and cereal products. intersection lines. Packi ng and packaging machines and related materials. Raw materials for food. Cooling and freezing equipment.National Arab and international supervisory boards and companies. Once well established, a food fair may even attract national or international makers of foods we will certainly want to differentiate up an exhibit that features our own organization, with information about meetings, plenty of handouts and literature, and a sign-up sheet for our organizations mailing list. Creating a marketing plan Once we have a general idea about the kind of fair we want to have, we need to create a marketing plan by taking an inventory of the skills and resources we have within our group and our community.This assessment gives us a starting point for assigning organizational tasks and generating publicity for the fair. We have to be sure to consider media, organizations, and businesses in our country as well as in other countries and cities. Media Local radio and television stations, newspapers, and other publications will be unwrap for generating publicity for our event. We should plan on creating public service announcements, placing advertisements, and arranging interviews not only to provide details about the event but also to spawn interest about the fair.We might also consider contacting and placing ads in larger publications in order to advertise in the countries and cities that are around us because we want our fair to be local and world wide. We have to be sure to note the deadlines for submission of public service announcements and advertisements in relation to our fair to ensure that our efforts are timely. Community resources Our advertisement is going to be mostly for investors, industrialists, merchants, business men and officials. Through intensive campaigns by mail, e-mail or through the internet.Including ship phone calls with the people that are interested in this kind of fairs and the official and concerned bodies that are Arab and foreign. At the sam e time we will be depression flyers for the fair which will help advertising for it. Also printing invitation cards for some governmental bodies like the prime minister or his deputy or the minister of industry, also for VIP business men and industrialists. Skills Early on in the planning of our fair, it is helpful to find out what skills the members of our group or other participants have that can be put to use when organizing the fair.An artistic member might be interested in creating a logo, banners, and signage for the event and determining where to display them, or we could simply use a professional assistance from any graphic and advertising fraternity. Creating a budget Budgeting is one element of food fair brainstorming that we should think through fully before planning begins. We have to be sure to take an inventory of what our group already has (merchandise, literature, signs, for example) to avoid spare budgeting and spending and to help us determine what we need to or der.The following is a checklist of items that we may need to pay for to successfully organize and hold a food fair Advertisements. Cooking demonstration expense. Courier and flyer-posting expenses. Demonstration supplies. Lecture expense. Merchandise expenses. Office supplies. Parking fees. Permit fees. Photocopies. Portable toilets. Postage. Posters, flyers, and stickers. Programs. Printing. Rentals (Equipment tables, chairs, tents, tools, video or sound equipment, stop extinguishers, etc. Space). Trash removal/recycling fee.Creating an overview of planning details readying a food fair involves the coordination of many details and the combining of different elements to create a whole event. Failure to keep track of even one of these details or elements will leave holes in our planning and gaps at the event itself. Keeping track of details and creating a planning schedule that prompts us to take care of specific tasks. A general rule of thumb is that planning for a food fair sho uld begin 8 to 10 months or even a year before the actual event. Food Fair PlanningNow that we have determined the purpose of our fair and the activities we want to include, we are ready to start booking a site, sponsors, vendors, and other participants. For our site we will be using the fair ground in Damascus at the airport high way in order to set a date for the show and visiting hours. Now during the process of advertising for the fair we will be asked about many things from the exhibitors and they are either direct or through e-mail, of course our answers must be logical and convincing Examples of our clients questions 1. What are the things that this fair refers to? Canned and conserved products.Conserved food products. Oil and ghee products. Dairy and cheese products. Meat products. Sugar and sweets products. Chocolate and biscuit. Ice cream products. Coffee Tea Herbs. Poultry and fish products. Mineral, carbonated water and juice products. Vegetable and fruit products. Pa sta and cereal products. Production lines. Packing and packaging machines and related materials. Raw materials for food. Cooling and freezing equipment. Banks, investment and finance institutions. National, Arab, and international supervisory boards and companies. 2. What are the services that the fair will award for participating companies?thither will be a mobile center for business men which will offer (phone, fax, e-mail) services to help and aid them with their supplies. There will be a set of meetings between the exhibitors by a special program so they can know each other. There will be a media center for business men, representatives and delegates either form the press or the T. V and Arabic and Foreign news agencies. Transportation will be provided for exhibitors and visitors concerning their requests and for a special fee for exhibitors. We will offer all the fairs accommodation and services.From setting booths and stands to every single need for the exhibitors which inclu de 1. outflow reservation and hotel accommodation. 2. Putting the name and address of the company in the fair guide. 3. Including the name of the company in the list of participants in the fairs website. 4. offer help and support in building the sections of the fair (special needs). 3. Where and when is the fair going to take place? It will be held on Damascus fair grounds From 06/04/2008 09/04/2008 From 5 oclock until 11 oclock 5. What are the laws and regulations that the will be applied on the exhibitors?There are a set of rules and regulations exhibitors are required to do, and the most important rule is that for accepting a participant in the fair, rental of the stand and ending the contract. It also can need information about the dimensions of the stand and other services. Also one of the important points that should be focused on when participating in an exhibition is cancellation, we mean by that if some company wanted to cancel its participation there will be an amount of money to be deducted from its payments and that amount is decreased whenever that cancelation was sooner.6. Prices for participating? To know how much a square meter costs we have to know how much the fair would cost 1st. from organizational aspect -We have rented a dormitory room that is 1000 square meters 560 square meters for stands and booth and 460 square meters for passages. -The hall costs 1000,000 SYP after we agreed with the fair grounds and international markets company. -equipments costs 1. Carpets 600000 SYP. 2. Setting and preparing the stands 400000 SYP. 3. redness 250000 SYP. 4. Sound equipments 200000 SYP. 5.Heating and A/Cs 250000 SYP. -Employees for the fair 200000 SYP. -Hiring Guards 150000 SYP. -Decorations for our company 300000 SYP. -The opening 200000 SYP. 2nd. Managerial aspect Media 1. Magazines and news papers 300000 SYP. 2. Radio and T. V 115500 SYP. 3. itinerary Ads 300000 SYP. Office work -Mail-internet-fax-salaries-transportation-stationary 300000 SYP. Printing costs (brochures, booklets, Fair Guide) 300000 SYP. tally = 4865500 SYP. Organization profit approximately 41% = 2014500 SYP. Final Total = 6880000 SYP.Now by dividing the Total on the part that the booths and stands are going to be which is 560 square meters = 12285 SYP. Now for the price in USD we divide on 50 SYP. It becomes 245 USD per square meter. Studying the financial feasibility for this fair We have decided a price for each type of stand we have ( protest with one side, Stand with two sides, stand with three sides and a stand with intravenous feeding sides) 1. Stand with one side including its corners they are 43 stands in total and each one is 8 square meters 43X8X200=68800 USD 2.Stand with two sides which are 18 stand costs 300 USD each 18X8X300=43200 USD 3. Stand with three sides which are 8 stands costs 350 USD each 8X8X350=22400 USD 4. Stand with four sides (island stand) which are 1 stand costs 400 USD 1X8X400= 3200 USD Total 68800+43200+22400+3200= 137600 USD. 137600X50=6880000 SYP. To the profit 6880000-430000=2580000 could just transfer it to our bank account. 8. Is there any travel agent which we can trust on our reservations and transportation and any other services that we might need specially if there was VIPs?We have decided at the beginning of our fair planning that there should be a travel and tourism agent which will do the following Confirm hotel reservations, insure that there are transportations from the hotel to the airport and vice versus specially for VIPs, do all the necessary shipping for the organization, making sure to do all the reception and word of farewells for the participators, booking restaurants, doing tours in the city, confirming travel tickets, making that there are guides during the tours and booking cars or buses. Our merchandise to offer Space which has to be at least 8 square metersIncluding switches, carpet for passage ways and inside the stand, lighting, a board with the company name, elec tricity, cleaning and guarding, a table, 2 chairs, 3 shelves, charge plate name badges for managers or company owners, carton badges for exhibitors. Also we will include information about the company in the fair guide and CD in both languages Arabic and English. During the days of the fair The organizing company should follow up with the exhibitors during the days of the fair through a sales man in the company because the follow up is a very important way in gaining the clients trust.And in order to know if the fair is a success or a failure we distribute a questionnaire showing how they benefited from the fair and if they are satisfied with the results. aft(prenominal) that we collect the questionnaires to determine the points of strength and weaknesses to avoid in the next fair. After the fair The follow-up Its considered one of the most important process, and successful organizing for it Is one of the factors in a successful fair, so that the organizing company should not delay any check for the interviews that occurred in the fair because its the first step for building long term public relationships.At a fair clients are divided up into categories and they are -actual customers. -possible customers. -regular customers. -important customers. The follow-up consists of -sending a thank you note for visiting. -sending the information that both sides have agreed on. -attending all the meetings and dates that have been discussed before. -studying the expenses as a hole. -studying the contracts that has taken place at the fair. -comparison between the basic plan and actual activity. -studying the answers about the survey.

Mark Twain’s work, Life on the Mississippi River

Literary critics admittedly point out that there argon numerous nationals which run along remark matess engagement, Life on the manuscript River. However, there is ever schism as many critics point out that Twains works were rife with thematic undertones which were mainly bereft of forgiving ideals such as justice, equality, suffering and cataclysm. These critics maintain that given Twains leanings towards atheism, he possesses more compunction to delve on moralist ideals. On the other hand, there are critics who point out that crack Twains themes straddle both moralist and non moralist matters, irrespective of his leanings on religious matters.Nevertheless, it is lucid that humanitarian and moralist themes run along his work, Life on the multiple sclerosis River. This paper therefore seeks to establish the veracity of this standpoint. Introduction The volume entitled, Life on the Mississippi River is Mark Twains memoir that detailed the days he spent as a Mississippi Rive r steamboat pilot in a period anteceding and succeeding the American civic War. Mark Twain opens the al-Quran by giving a short description of the Mississippi River from its point of discovery by Hernando De Soto in 1542.The book continues with Mark Twains anecdotes relatable to Twains training as a steamboat pilot, agree to his own words, the cub of an expert pilot. This book that greatly describes his affections and the science behind navigating the dynamic Mississippi River was initially published in 1876 under the title, the Old Times on the Mississippi. The fact that there are motley and ominous themes that run deep in this book is portrayed in the fact that the second part, does not constrain itself to describing Twains return to travel from St. Louis to New Orleans on a steamboat aft(prenominal) many years but on the contrary, thematic and emotive topics akin to covetousness, tragedy, gullibility and bad architecture run deep in this work percentage. This paper therefo re takes to dwell on the themes of tragedy and greed as they run along dominantly in this book, Life in the Mississippi. First off, the theme of tragedy appears in the books sample of the creators missive to his sister- in- law, Orion.The book, mentions that five days prior to the written report of this letter, an explosion occurred in a steamboat which had carried Mark Twains younger comrade, Henry. This teaching that took place in Pennsylvania left Henry heavily injured. Mark Twain who would choose been piloting with his brother, save for some circumstances, was in Memphis, reunited with his brother Henry two days after this explosion, and for six more days, nursed him when he succumbed, be one among the hundreds who perished in the exploitation.According to Fishkin (1998, 121), the theme of tragedy plays strongly, being represent by the author as that which is inevitable, and as such, no effort can be concocted to avoid it. The inevitable nature of tragedy is clearly broug ht out by the fact that Mark Twain had a month earlier, already foreseen his brothers death in a well detailed dream. In almost the same wavelength, the book through the author advises the readers on the way tragedy should be met.The above echtity is clearly indicateed by the fact that despite the pain of bereavement and guilt that bore heavily on Mark Twains mind, he put on a brave face, and continued to work in the river as the river pilot- a feat that was extirpated in 1861 when the American Civil War broke out. This is because the traffic inwardly and along the Mississippi was severed. Similarly, the author depicts the normal nature by which the pain of tragedy is met. Herein, Mark Twain is left subject to intense feeling of guilt and pain, due to the feel that he did not do enough to nip his brothers death in the bud.It is while in the midst of this stimulated turmoil that Mark Twain ventures into the field of parapsychology, deviating from his former involvement in the Soc iety for Physical Research. Kruse (1991, 75) maintains that as the author, Mark Twain does not make a dereliction of the concept and practice slavery. This book presents bit as a historical slave state for the South, being represented by in the federal official and Confederate governments at the time of civil war.In a sketchy depiction, Twain intimates of he and his comrades having been volunteers for the fusion up to closely two weeks. At the same time, it is this issue of slavery which acts as the hotbed from which the American Civil War springs. Likewise, relatable tragic concepts such as the suffering and the exploitation of the slaves who are mainly blacks comes to the attention of Union, though the South warms up to it as it remains very lucrative as it is tantamount to free labor. tragical it is that scarcely did many farmers and small scale industrialists see the need to accord slaves, the African Americans whom they regarded as their sheer chattels, with decent domicile, sufficient victuals and proper vestments, leaving alone a pay for any work done. It is by this depiction of the contradictive vitalitystyle between the slave owners in Missouri and their slaves that Twain presents the tragedy of human avarice that would have human beings exploit their fellows without any remorse.In a cleverly calculated wile to show his disdain for this exploitation through slavery and his depiction of it as a practice cursed for failure, Twain depicts this as the crux of the antithetical stance that the Unionists and Southerners had towards each other with a war christened, The American Civil War being the culmination of this affair the South greatly loosing and the door for the total proscription of slavery being opened (Twain, 2004, 99). Again, in a cleverly packaged stylistic approach, Twain revisits the theme of tragedy and suffering as being caused by war, even the American Civil War.It is no sneaking(a) that Twain speaks of himself generatively so that in his sufferings, he has the ability to represent the painful experiences of many others. A contingency in point is Mark Twains self depiction of a youthful exclusive who had grown up along the precincts of the Mississippi River where he also earned his livelihood. Nevertheless, Twains life and performer of livelihood is interfered with by the war as he is one of the many who are compel to abandon the steamboat pilot career with the advent of the war.It is plainly after two decades that Twain returns to the Mississippi River, only to be met with wide scale changes that have materialized in the area. At this juncture, apart from the socio- pagan changes that have interpreted place, the tributaries of the Mississippi River have undergone transformation too. Similarly, Mark Twain like many others returns to find remarkable persons who have all become an integral part of the nations forgotten history.The above situation means that forever lives along the Mississippi River had und ergone an irrevocable transformation as families remained severed from their members while others had their professions and means of earning a living extirpated as the tributaries of the Mississippi totally changed. All these occurrences are attempts by Mark Twain to depict the tragedies that the American Civil War bequeathed the Americans- tragedies which were so pervasive, cutting across all the spheres of life social, stinting and cultural spectra (Pettit 2004, 161).In almost the same vein, the theme of avarice tampered with concepts of tragedy remains rampant in this piece of literature, with the former being seen to be the causative agent of the latter. Watkins (2004) maintains that in a picturesque manner, Twain mentions of the technical developments which were materializing in the US at the time, such as the development of the steamboat, which spurned the boat construction industry. cart track concomitant with this development was the radical changes and efforts to ameliorat e the railway system.Although all these developments sparked off industrial developments, the unfortunate development that came alongside this was the dingy, shoddy and substandard constrictions which Mark Twain recounts as having caused massive numbers of deaths. Twain depicts the forgetful and pronto constructions which were travel through with the need to rake in quick lucre as being the prime reason behind the sad situation. Again, tragedy plays along here, as these poor constructions which were greedily hurried through, collapsed, claiming the lives of many innocent. ConclusionIt is therefore clear that the theme of tragedy plays along in Twains book with matters akin to anthropocentricity taking the center stage. This is because, beyond the reporting of the practices which directly compromised human rights, the real need behind the writing of the novel was meant at mirroring the society so that ameliorative socio- cultural and economic practices could be welcome. At this jun cture, it is therefore easy to see that core matters which are relatable to human ideals such as equality for all claim center stage in Twains writings.

Cross-Cultural Work Environments

Naeja Silar January 14, 2012 leadership and Organizational Behavior Unit 1 Assignment Organizational Theory cross-cultural Work Environments I will be seeking a theory on the analysis of cross-cultural commission style and structure. In researching this theory, it will help managers in a transnational company, or maneuver environment, interact with employees of a diverse background. In understanding, and getting a better idea of how civilisations interact in piece of work environments, the manager seat be more productive and avoid various types of confrontations that may ultimately hurt productivity.Analyzing the counseling styles and cultures of the solid ground will enable managers to understand the ideas of different cultures. By understanding the reasoning behind each culture behavior, there will be less room for inaccurate generalizations, fewer generalizations will make sure managers, working in a diverse work environment have greater success. However, with the consta nt depend of diversity in the workplace, all mangers should participate in a cross-cultural management training course, as well as employees.In researching this theory, the main focus is the business style of various cultures in the workplace environment. Examining different types of behavioral patterns will reveal the different cultural frames, and perceptions within a diverse work environment. Understanding the different perceptions of the different cultures will lead to close interpersonal relations, and productive communication. Cross-cultural management research is derived from the study of the behavior of community in diverse organizations.The United States has always been in the question of the culture of management theory, practice, and research because of the current internationalization of business in the United States, they should be take the development of a cross-cultural perspective to management. (Adler, 1983) In the earlier studies of cross cultural management, the lift was to counterchange advanced management practices, techniques, and methods. The field of cross-cultural studies on organizational functioning is a result of incomplete integration between the cross-cultural comparative management field and organization theory beas.The economic development approach to comparative management research is one of the early methods used for cross-cultural management study. It is erect that managerial input plays an important role in achieving economic development, this approach focuses on the basic trends of managerial development, rather than the analysis of organizational practices. (Negandhi, 1983) The role of culture is said to be the most accurate approach to exploring and comparing management and organizational styles.One of the most basic issues in cross-cultural management research is to determine what extent culture impacts an individuals behavior within the workplace. Various cultures emphasize proportionalitys differently, and t hese are demonstrated in contrastive managerial behaviors. Identifying the four aspects of culture that have specific implications for the workplace is a very important task, and these implications include supply distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and masculinity.An example of each are as follows, power distance, leadership can be looked at as informal and loose, this is due to the fact that employees do not see their superiors as that far ahead of them on the social scale. Uncertainty avoidance measures the extent to which people in a organization tend to feel threatened by uncertain, ambiguous, risky, or undefined situations. The importance of individualism is the evidence suggesting that differences among this dimension of culture account for major differences in managerial assumptions and practices.On the dimension of masculinity, it is understood that the masculine cultures are defined as being assertive, valuing achievement, and loathing failure. On the opposite extreme, a feminine culture is characterized by the favoring of nurturing roles, interdependence between people and caring for others. In concluding this cross-cultural management research, its main focus is the description of organizational behavior within countries and cultures, and most importantly on the interaction of peoples from different countries working within the same organization or work environment.Increased multinational operations means increased diversity within the organization. In participating in this cross-cultural management research, and there would be a higher degree of interaction between employees and managers from different cultures. Reference Citations * Adler, Nancy J. Cross-Cultural circumspection Research, The Academy of Management Review, (April, 1983) * Hall, Edward T. Understanding Cultural Differences raw(a) York Doubleday & Company (August, 1990) * Negandhi, Anant R. Cross-Cultural Management Research Trend and Future Directions Journal of Inter national Business Studies, (August, 1983) * Kelley, Lane & Worthley, Reginald The Role of Culture in Comparative Management A Cross-Cultural Perspective The Academy of Management Journal, (March, 1981) * Hall, Edward T. Beyond Culture New York Anchor Press, 1983 * Adler, Nancy J. A Typology of Management Studies Involving Culture Journal of International Business Studies http//links. jstor. org

About the first day of school Essay

As the arctic cold rain drops sprinkled diagonally with my loose, flowing auburn hair, I splashed across the street to the bus stop. Although it was showery and very damp, I was happy active my forthcoming day, the clouds were fluffy and dark grey, and there was a wonderful scent in the air, which perfumed of the spring morning. righteous as I strode across the street, the mustard tinted bus, modify with immature, junior high students pulled up beside me. I wasnt thrilled to be riding the bus, but it was either step onto the yellow, nightm are filled vehicle, or liberty chit in the rain, so I quickly chose the bus. I selected a seat in the center of the bus, contiguous to a small built looking girl in a purple sweater, plastic run along glasses, and navy jeans. The youngster had brunette short hair, and tiny diamond studded earrings shinning in her ears.See muchSocial Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn EssayShe smiled at me, looking at me in a port a puppy dog would . I could tell she wanted me to talk with her, but I had no intentions in making friends with a childish schoolgirl who probably could have been about age thirteen.Hi, I am Dominique she said in a hyperactive way. I am so happy that you sat with me what is your call?I pretended to care, not wanting to be rude to the young girl I responded, I am Megan, and truthfully I only sat with you because all of the other seats were filled. I did provided find it interesting that this bizarre looking child was so frenzied in this time of the morning.My favorite(a) animal is the dog, do you like dogs she asked in a begging way, I have three dogs. They are all German shepherds those are my favorite kind of dogs.As she spoke, I could smell her breathe, it smelling of uncleanness, and was filled with the stench of lucky charms and reeked of what I thought odored like toilet water. I was this time that I was intellection about her atrociousbreathe, that I noticed around her neck, she wore a silv er chain, and it had a charm of what appeared to be some kind of canine. non wanting to continue a conversation, I said No, I am not found of dogs. This of course was a lie.At this point in our conversation, she got a horrible look, that reminded me of when I once ate a sour lemon. What? How could you not like dogs? she yelped loudly, people turned in distraction for her.All of a sudden, the young girl started barking very piercingly. It was an awful yowl that echoed through each ear. I couldnt believe that this girl, who seemed sane, was barking at me because I didnt like dogs. Barking is a perfectly natural canine behavior. Birds sing frogs croak and a dog barks, whines and howls. This was the first time seeing a girl bark. Not sure what to do, I tried to ignore it, it seemed never ending, although it had only been going through my head for about forty seconds, I wanted to duck tape the girls mouth. She seemed to have a small mouth, it was decorated with a lip gloss that shimmer ed as she woofed, and it surprised me that so much noise could come out of much(prenominal) a small mouth.It was about this time, that a miracle happened I, out of the blue realize that we were arriving at the school. I could greet the bulky, red bricked, structure that read *****ENTER YOUR SCHOOL NAME HERE ****. There were tiny intercept flowers planted in a bed around little green bushes, and I had never seen much(prenominal) a beautiful sight. Maybe I enjoyed that moment in time in which I realized that I soon would be removed from this nightmare, but I unexpectedly wanted to be nowhere but inside the School.