Hurricane Katrina The Most Destructive and Costly...

Hurricane in Florida A hurricane is unlike the normal cyclones but is a severe tropical storm or cyclone that typically forms in the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, the Eastern Pacific Ocean or the Caribbean Sea. It is usually accompanied by heavy thunderstorms and if in the northern hemisphere, counterclockwise wind circulations near the earths surface (FEMA, 2013). One of the most significant natural disaster that hit the region was the Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Katrina 11th named tropical storm by scientists, fourth hurricane, third major hurricane and first category 5 hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. On the day of August 5, 2005 hurricane Katrina made a land fall as a category 1 hurricane north of Miami, Florida, as a category 3 storm on August 29 along the central gulf coast near Buras-triumph then Louisiana. The Katrina eventually destroyed the levee system that acted as a protection to New Orleans from Lake Pontchartrain as well as the Mississippi river (Stewart Stacy, 2005). There was massive flooding experienced especially resulting from the water from the lake being swept into the cities. The coast of Mississippi and Alabama were heavily damaged resulting to Katrina being the most destructive and costly disaster in the history of the USA, the damage estimated at $100 billion. To prevent future destruction and loss of life, there is need to ensure there is a central command post in good time that would coordinate the search and rescueShow MoreRelatedThe Disaster Planning Or Management1847 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough there were numerous predictions that a category 4 or 5 could hit New Orleans, very little disaster planning or management was accomplished before Katrina hit in August 2005 (Lalwani, et al., 2007, p10). After Katrina made landfall August 29th, several sections of the levee system collapsed including levees protecting the Ninth Ward (Lalwani, et al., 2007, p10). The manmade MRGO channel caused the problems it was predicted; the channel increased the power and the size of the waves that destroyedRead MoreSience23554 Words   |  95 Pageswould be a lot colder. However, if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, then more heat gets trapped than needed, and the Earth might become less habitable for humans, plants and animals. Carbon dioxide, though not the most potent of greenhouse gases,  is the most significant one. Human activity has caused an imbalance in the natural cycle of the greenhouse effect and related processes. NASA’s Earth Observatory is worth quoting the effect human activity is having on the natural carbon cycleRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagestopics as organized in typical marketing texts. With most cases it is not possible to truly compartmentalize the mistake or success to merely one topic. The patterns of success or failure tend to be more pervasive. Still, I think you will find the following classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Read MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesExpert Systems 241 Obtaining an Expert System 242 Examples of Expert Systems 242 Neural Networks 244 Virtual Reality 245 Review Questions 250 †¢ Discussion Questions 250 †¢ Bibliography 251 Chapter 7 E-Business Systems 253 Brief History of the Internet E-Business Technologies 254 254 Legal and Regulatory Environment 257 Strategic E-Business Opportunities (and Threats) B2B Applications 260 B2C Applications 263 Two Dot-Com Retailers 264 Two Traditional CatalogRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pagesthe world’s largest oil exporter, imports ref ined petroleum produc ts like gasoline. So if energy independence is an unrealistic goal, how does everyone get the fuel a world of rising demand they need, especially in , supply disruptions, nat ural disasters, and unstable regimes? True global energy sec urity will be a result of cooperation and engage ment, not isolationism When investment and . expertise are allowed to flow freely across border s, the engine of innovation is ignited, prosperity is fueledRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesManagement Institute will find the text is well structured to meet the needs of those wishing to prepare for PMP (Project Management Professional) or CAPM (Certified Associate in Project Management) certification exams. The text has indepth coverage of the most critical topics found in PMI’s Project Management vii viii Preface Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). People at all levels in the organization assigned to work on projects will find the text useful not only in providing them with a rationale forRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesappreciate any information that would enable us to do so. 6  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, Exploring Strategy, 9th Edition, Instructor’s Manual 1. Introduction Exploring Strategy represents one of the most comprehensive packages of material and support for teachers and students of strategy. The following materials and assistance are now available: †¢ The text with improved design and layout to assist readers – including objectives for each part of theRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesmechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions

Use of Internet in Education - 2696 Words

Research on Internet Use in Education Executive Summary: There is emerging research on how the Internet can be an important component of a program that significantly increases student learning. This type of program requires students and teachers to have appropriate access to the Internet and instruction in its use. It also requires changes in curriculum content, instructional practices, and assessment to take advantage of the communication and information storage and retrieval strengths of the Internet, and to appropriately assess the types of learning these strengths engenders. The Internet, a global network of networks connecting millions of computers and computer users, is a relatively new resource for educators. In fall 1998,†¦show more content†¦A number of federal programs have helped to fund implementation (Four Pillars). Federal aid to networking and other aspects of telecommunications is currently providing approximately one-third of all of the funds going into IT in PreK-12 education (E-Rate). School reform and school renewal models vary from â€Å"back-to-basics† to a heavy emphasis on the thorough integration of IT throughout curriculum, instruction, and assessment (Mid-Continent Regional Educational Laboratory, Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory). Even in most back-to-basics types of school reform models there is recognition that the Internet brings a new dimension to communicating over time and distance and that students need to develop basic skills in its use. Many school reform models focus on a significant restructuring of the classroom and providing students with routine Internet connectivity both in their classrooms and at home. An extreme example of this is provided by laptop computer projects in which each student has a laptop and connectivity to use at home and school (Rockman et al). In brief summary, the Internet plays four roles in school improvement and reform models: Students learn to make use of the Internet as an aid to retrieving information from multiple sources. Students learn to use the Internet as an aid to communicating with and collaborating with people throughout the world. Students learn to develop web materials, especially as a component ofShow MoreRelatedReasons Why Students Use the Internet for Education1972 Words   |  8 PagesUSING INTERNET FOR EDUCATION Dicky Urianto Halimawan  ¡V 03320030075 Industrial Engineering of Pelita Harapan University, Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang Abstract In the past few years, Indonesia has experienced the integration of the internet into society. This situation has created their presence in the market with taking us to the aim of this study that for know the reasons of university student on using internet for education. The data of benefits of using Internet for Education were collectedRead MoreInternet Based Educational Support for Students in Developing Countries1400 Words   |  6 Pages Internet based Educational support for Students in Developing countries TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER 1 Introduction Purpose Significance of this study CHAPTER 2 Background Literature review CHAPTER 3 Methodology CHAPTER 4 Results CHAPTER 5 Conclusions and Recommendations Summary Recommendations REFERENCES APPENDIX INTRODUCTION The internet is a collection of computers connect together electronically over the world. The internet is also a collectionRead MoreImportance Of Internet Education Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the importance of Internet Education and how does the Internet affect our lives? The importance of Internet Education is that it has changed the way students are being taught in schools. It also helps Teachers and Students learn with better and easy learning styles. According to James Wright, â€Å"Teachers use the Internet to supplement their lessons, and a number of prestigious universities have opened up free online lectures and courses to everyone.† (Wright, 2015, para.1). It is easier forRead MoreImpact of Technology on Education1146 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Positive Impact of Technology on Education Technology plays a very important role in the field of education, especially in this 21st century. In fact, computer technology has become easier for teachers to transfer knowledge and for students to obtain it. The use of technology has made the process of teaching and learning more convenient. Talking in a positive sense, the impact of technology on education has been extraordinary. Using Internet and computers as en effective medium to establishRead MoreThe Internet s Effect On Education1106 Words   |  5 Pageswe spend 80 hours on the internet. Based on how much we spend on the internet, we should take care of ourselves and not lose our personalities. The internet has changed us in many ways, but it has pros and cons to the users of the internet. The internet helps students, teachers, and doctors and give ways to save money. Typewriters were used 100 years ago because there was no internet, but with internet now we change our culture and society. The invention of the internet w as a turning point in historyRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Education1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impacts of Internet on Education The Internet is modern technologies that people just invented in recent decades. Since computers became more popular in the 1980s, the Internet was followed and was created in the 1990s. The invention of this technology affects everyone in many countries. It is changing how people live, how people entertain, how people communicate, and especially how people educate. In addition, in recent years, the Internet is improving very quickly, and the colleges and universitiesRead MoreThe Internet Is The Greatest Invention Of The 20th Century977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Internet is the greatest invention of the 20th Century because it changed the course of humanity. It literally has impacted us all in very beneficial ways. The Internet is â€Å"a global communication network that allows almost all computers worldwide to connect and exchange information† (dictionary.com). It connects billions of devices worldwide. Why is the Internet so great? Well, it has for one thing impacted educ ation in an enormous way. Education is now the fundamental skill for life. TheRead MoreHow Does Internet Affects Student Study Habits738 Words   |  3 Pagesdoes the internet affects the study habits of students. Introduction In todays era internet are just around the corner. Almost all people have internet connections through the use of their mobile phones, tablets and laptops whether they are kids, teens or adult. Before, people use snail mail to send letters to others but today it’s just a one click away from the internet. For educational purposes, others usually go to the library to search for something. But, today internet has many uses. TheyRead MoreThe Internet And Its Effect On Education1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe internet is a global communication network that connects most computers and digital devices together to exchange information. Internet access has changed the process of learning in many ways. Some may ask if the access to the internet diminishes the quality of education in what high school students receive? While some studies have shown that the increase of internet usage has led to shortened attention span in today’s youth. The excess use of the internet can create m ore opportunities for studentsRead MoreHow Technology Affects Our Education Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pageswe learn? The internet is a powerful source that has taken over our current generation. The way we do things is changing every day and technology is advancing faster than ever. We don’t think like we used to because we have no reason to anymore, with the internet we have many ways to get by things without having to try hard or to memorize anything. The internet highly affects our brains and the power of education. The internet not only affects our brains, it also affects our education through other

Washington Mutual Bank Case for Consumer Rights Free Essays

McKell v. Washington Mutual Bank (2006) is a case for consumer rights highlighting the prerogative of the consumers to ‘buy at the right price.’   In this case, the consumers were not buying goods and services. We will write a custom essay sample on Washington Mutual Bank: Case for Consumer Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Rather, the market consisted of real property; and one of the stakeholders – Washington Mutual, Inc. – was overstating the prices of â€Å"underwriting, tax services, and wire transfer fees in conjunction with home loans.† [1]   Washington Mutual Bank had overcharged the buyers for these services – alleged the plaintiffs (few of the buyers) – when the actual prices that the bank had paid to service providers for the self same services were less. The defendants (Washington Mutual) were simply making a profit on the services they had bought off different providers and selling to other members of society that needed them at the time.   Is this kind of profit making unlawful? – From the viewpoint of consumers, it may very well be unlawful, seeing that all consumers want to pay the ‘best prices.’   However, if the consumers were to stop using the services of Washington Mutual Bank, they would possibly have to visit various service providers for underwriting, tax services, and wire transfers, and still come to the defendants for home loans. In the integrative business of Washington Mutual, everything is taken care of.   In view of this, it was decided by a trial court in California that the complaint made by the plaintiffs must be dismissed on the grounds that there had been no written agreement between the parties to state that Washington Mutual, Inc. cannot charge in excess of the prices that it pays to the service providers.   The case went into appeal.   It is going to continue being considered; in fact, the California Court of Appeal has agreed with a part of the plaintiff’s complaint and agreed to review this consumer case further.[2] The main reason why the McKell v. Washington Mutual Bank case has still not been shut is that consumers feel deceived when they are told that they are being charged simply the prices of the services bought, when in fact the sellers have overcharged.   Although profit making is not considered illegal, in this case the consumers feel cheated because they had been informed by Washington Mutual that they were being charged the prices of certain services that cost a certain amount. As it turned out, the prices charged included a huge markup, while the consumers continued to believe that they were paying the ‘right prices.’   The plaintiffs failed to produce all necessary documents to support their allegations.   Nevertheless, the fact that Washington Mutual had failed to mention to the consumers that a service fee was being added for the services in question – has landed the bank in hot water.   Moreover, by charging a price that is higher than the market price, the bank is responsible for going against â€Å"Congress’s stated intent to protect consumers from unnecessarily high settlement charges.†[3]   Indeed, this is the strongest argument to keep the McKell v. Washington Mutual case going in the near future. Washington Mutual Bank may be charged with near-monopolistic practices in the coming days, although it has not been determined whether the bank’s competitors are charging markups that are vastly dissimilar.   Assuming that the competitors of the bank are charging much less than Washington Mutual, the justice system may very well decide that Washington Mutual must pay the legal charges of unfair competition. Seeing that both federal and state laws demur near-monopolistic practices, that is, charging prices that are much higher than those at the market equilibrium – the Californian courts may eventually end up with a strong hand protecting the interests of the consumer and charging Washington Mutual Bank much more than it charged its consumers through allegedly â€Å"unfair† practices.[4] Works Cited McKell v. Washington Mutual: IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, SECOND APPELLATE COURT, DIVISION ONE. 2006. 4 June 2007. http://classactiondefense.jmbm.com/mckellclassactiondefense_opn.pdf. McKell v. Washington Mutual-Class Action Defense Cases: Defense Motion To Dismiss Class Action Improperly Granted As To Breach of Contract And UCL Claims Based On Federal RESPA Violations California Court Holds. Class Action Defense Blog. 2007. 4 June 2007 http://classactiondefense.jmbm.com/2006/09/class_action_defense_casesmcke_1.html. [1] â€Å"McKell v. Washington Mutual-Class Action Defense Cases: Defense Motion To Dismiss Class Action Improperly Granted As To Breach of Contract And UCL Claims Based On Federal RESPA Violations California Court Holds,† Class Action Defense Blog, 2007, 4 June 2007 http://classactiondefense.jmbm.com/2006/09/class_action_defense_casesmcke_1.html. [2] â€Å"McKell v. Washington Mutual: IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, SECOND APPELLATE COURT, DIVISION ONE,† 2006, 4 June 2007, http://classactiondefense.jmbm.com/mckellclassactiondefense_opn.pdf. [3] â€Å"McKell v. Washington Mutual-Class Action Defense Cases.† [4] Ibid. How to cite Washington Mutual Bank: Case for Consumer Rights, Essay examples

Super Smash Bros. free essay sample

If you hear various noises coming from my room: â€Å"waah,† â€Å"yahoo,† â€Å"ahhhh,† â€Å"noooo,† â€Å"dang it,† â€Å"yes† that’s the sound of people playing the video game Super Smash Bros. My older brother Joseph, his friends, as well as myself, would spend countless hours beating the snot out of each other in this game. The whole concept of the game is to choose one of several characters from throughout Nintendo’s history and smash your opponents off the stage by any means possible. The violence of the game can become so intense that the entire on screen sight looks like a sea of flames. The people my brother and I usually played with were T.J. and Randy. Sometimes we played with some other people other than T.J. and Randy like Tucker or any of our younger brothers. The characters we choose are usually the same: Link for Joe and Randy, Samus for T. We will write a custom essay sample on Super Smash Bros. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page J., and Mario or Fox for me. Every now and then someone wins a bunch of games, which causes us in real life to go berserk and start yelling at each other or start a fist fight between us due to the competitiveness of the game. This can cause a tussle between Joe and Randy due to their being the best players. T.J. and I aren’t as bad because T.J. doesn’t care as much and I’m more level-headed than the rest of them. Once we were playing Super Smash Bros. at T.J.’s house and his mother came in to get some laundry and noticed the rankness. â€Å"It smells like a locker room in here,† she exclaimed. We all looked at each other and then at the empty bean dip cans. We’re as addicted to Super Smash Bros. as a druggy is addicted to pot, and there is no online feature until the next game comes out.

Stress, Coping Communication Essay Example

Stress, Coping Communication Essay Man is a social animal living in a human culture. In this culture, he has to maintain his social and internal homeostasis in continuous communication with his fellowmen and, especially with key figures in social sub groups to which he belongs. Every society and every social sub group has its own psychosocial stressors that consist of behavior patterns of its members, which require more than the usual cognitive, appraisal, anticipation and adaptive behavior. Successful coping with these stressors leads to gratification, failure to cope leads to frustration. While categorizing stress, good stress or eustress provides stimulation and challenges, and is essential to development, growth and change. Bad stress or distress prompts psychological and physiological changes of an undesirable nature.Some people, however, can withstand, more stress than others. Dr. Hans Selye, founder of modern studies on Stress, revealed that as the stress starts taking its toll there are three very evident stag es through which the person goes through. These phases are: The Alarm, the Resistance, and the Exhaustion phase. The Alarm Phase: The Alarm phase is characterized by the triggering on the Stress Alert System (the fight or flight response). There is thus an over activity of the sympathetic nervous system, and the simultaneous inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system. Alarm is generated in the body and the whole bodies starts preparing for a fight or take a flight. There is a flush of energy, and all activities are speeded up. The pressure is evident and could be seen in his excitement or fear. Adrenaline and cortical increase, blood flows away from brain to muscles, dendrites shrink back in the brain as a way of moderating the flow of information, slowing or shutting down of nonessential body functions (e.g. gastrointestinal and sexual systems)  takes place. The Resistance Phase: There are adaptive efforts by the body to cope with or resolve stressor.Because of the continui ty of the stressful conditions there is depletion of energy, the person feels run down. As the pressure mounts he struggles to meet the various demands expected of him. He starts getting bouts of irritation, there is over-reaction to minor issues, sleep pattern starts getting altered and he starts getting weaker both mentally physically. Others observe very clear physical, psychological and behavioral changes. The Exhaustion Phase: When the stressful condition prolongs, and even after observing distinct symptoms of resistance phase, appropriate measures are not resorted to, then the Exhaustion phase takes over. The person feels fully exhausted tired. This may go even to the extent of absence of all enthusiasm to work or even to live. Psychosomatic diseases take roots.There is emotional breakdown, insomnia, heart BP complications, and host of other very painful symptoms associated with burnout. If stress persists reserves of energy are used. Self-medication and self-comforting co ping skills are utilized.   In an advance stage Energy reserves are depleted. Body systems begin to malfunction and there is a much greater susceptibility to serious illnesses.   Normal process in which the stomach lining constantly replenishes itself to counteract digestive fluids is put on hold. A good example of this comes from management staff of companies. An executive of middle grade in multinational company is not naturally stress resistant or don’t have learned how to handle the pressure without letting it. He shows stress symptoms, like ulcers, high blood pressure, tension, burnout and so on due to great work pressures.There is no single symptom that can identify stress. Physical symptoms occur as your body adapts to perceived physical threat, and are caused by release of adrenaline. Although client may perceive these as unpleasant and negative, they are signs that his body is ready for the explosive action that assists survival or high performance: Dry Mouth, C ool skin, Cold hands and feet Increased sweating, rapid breathing, Faster heart beat, tense muscles, feelings of nausea, or Butterflies in stomach diarrhea a desire to urinate. Long-term physical symptoms occur where client’s body has been exposed to adrenaline over a long period. These symptoms are: Insomnia, change in appetite, sexual disorders, aches and pains, frequent colds, illnesses such as: asthma, low back pain, digestive problems, headaches, feelings of intense and long-term tiredness, Muscle tension, Pains in chest, Muscle spasms or nervous tics, Unexplained rashes or skin irritations Shortness of breath, Sweaty palms.Psychosomatic illnesses are disorders that are rooted in psychological disturbance and distress in day-to-day life, vis-à  -vis personal, family or work. Psychosomatic or Somatoform disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders found in general practice. It is a condition of dysfunction or structural damage in bodily organs through inappr opriate activation of the involuntary nervous system and the glands of internal secretion. Some physical diseases are thought to be particularly prone to be made worse by mental factors such as stress. The commonest form of the psychosomatic illness is gastric ulcers, which can be traced to stress. Hyperactivity, constipation, indigestion or even irritable bowel syndrome most of the time has roots in mental distress. Psychosomatic illness can take any form — even something seemingly unrelated as skin irritation, dermatitis of scalp or even finger infection. ‘‘High adrenaline can spoil your kidneys as well. According to the DSM II classification, psycho-physiologic disorder are Skin disorders, Muscle skeletal disorders, Respiratory disorders, Cardiovascular disorders, Genitourinary disorders, Endocrine disorders, Disorders of organ of special sense Chronic conjunctivitis, Disorder of other types Disturbances in the nervous system in which emotional factors play a significant role, such as multiple sclerosis. Sometimes a physical symptom is a metaphor for the persons psychological problem, as when a person with a broken heart experiences chest pain. Other times, a physical symptom reflects identification with another persons pain.Coping strategies refer to the specific efforts, both behavioral and psychological, that people employ to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize stressful events. Coping strategies are employed in a variety of threatening situations. Healthy Ways of Coping with Stress  are- find a quite place and go there, frequently if needed, Write in a Journal, Go for a long walk or run. Notice how your body is feeling, you’re breathing, how your legs are moving. Enjoy being out in nature.  Ã‚  . Laugh uproariously at least once a day. Talk to someonea friend, family member, counselor, or clergy member, even a pet or stuffed animal.General coping strategies have been distinguished as: Appraisal focus strategy approach t o coping is based on a mental process of how the individual appraises the situation. Where the level of appraisal determines the level of stress and the unique coping strategies that the individual partakes. (Lazarus Folkman, 1984). An appraisal is made when the individual makes a conscious evaluation of the matter at hand. The individual asks him/herself What can I do? by evaluating the coping resources around him/her. These resources include, physical resources, such as how healthy one is, or how much energy one has, social resources. There are many ways of to approach coping from a cognitive perspective such as that of constructive and destructive thinking as conceptualized by Epstein and Meier (1989) a similar concept to that of optimistic versus pessimistic (Taylor, 1991). All of us seem to have plenty of should. eg. I should always be nice, I should always be polite, etc., which are the product of our upbringing as well as expectations of ourselves and other people. Discover what your should are and determine if they are realistic or necessary Learn to think differently about things think how a friend with a sense of humor would look at it.Problem-focus strategy is an effort to do something active to alleviate stressful circumstances. Using problem solving approach, the problem solver proceeds through basic steps: Define the problem: Whats wrong? Implement the solution: Fix it! Evaluate the fix: Did it work? In solving problems, person tries to transform a given situation to a desired one, Seeking social support, enhancing time management, improving self-control and become more assertive. For example, people typically employ problem-focused coping to deal with potential controllable problems such as work-related problems and family-related problems. Theres a myriad of different relaxation techniques that can be used to combat stress. The common threads that run through them are that they calm and improve the breathing, relax the muscles, and clear the mind; time management is about setting goals carefully, and then arranging work into high and low priority, depending on how it relates to those goals. We must be ruthless, ensuring that we plan how we can meet the deadlines in our important work as well as work on long-term goals. You have to recognize the symptoms of stress. Next, you have to believe that your thinking can both block and promote your ability to cope.Coping strategies involve restructuring your thoughts Emotion-focused coping strategies involve efforts to regulate the emotional consequences of stressful or potentially stressful events. Major components of successful emotional coping are awareness of the situations that trigger stress; recognition of developing stress; availability/access to and use of coping strategies. For example, a successful adult with learning disabilities in our study manages her anxiety attacks by recognizing that reading aloud in a group triggers anxiety, physical symptoms such as rapid bre athing are signs of stress, and slow deep breathing reduces her anxiety. The client must use techniques like meditation, using systematic relaxation procedures. For example, stressors perceived as less controllable, such as certain kinds of physical health problems, prompt more emotion-focused coping. Research indicates that people use these types of strategies to combat most stressful events (Folkman Lazarus, 1980).   .Aspects of communication (Verbal Non-Verbal)Communication consists of signals made by one organism that have meaning for other organisms and affect their behavior. Research indicates more communication occurs from body language and the tone of a persons voice than from what is said. Linguists refer to auxiliary communication devices as paralanguage. Communication with people from other societies or ethnic groups is fraught with the danger of misunderstanding if their culture and paralanguage is unknown to you or ignored. The impact of culture-sameness, gender, fo reign travel, and academic background on the ability to interpret facial expression of emotion in others are observed in communication. Verbal communication requires the use of words, vocabulary, numbers and symbols and is organized in sentences using language. Mastering linguistic skill is not reserved for the selected few but is a skill that each and every one should develop to improve relationships and interactions. Everyone’s brain is forever having thoughts and they are primarily with words. Words spoken, listened to or written affect your life as well as others. They have the power to create emotions and move people to take action. When verbal communication is delivered accurately and clearly, you activate the mind and encourage creativity. People can establish leadership and credibility through nonverbal communication skills and environmental factors.A cue is a type of communication used by an adult to let a child know what is expected of him/her in a given situation. Cues are a type of receptive communication. Touch cues are ways an adult can touch a child to communicate a desired action. A sensory cues is some sensory input used to help a child anticipate an event: For example, a smell of lotion before it is applied to the childs arm or the sound of water splashing before placing the child in the bathtub. Object cues are some concrete piece of a routine that is used to represent that routine. Signals are movements the child uses to communicate needs, desires and feelings to adults. Signals are a form of expressive communication. Symbols are representations of an event, action, object, person, or place that can be used to communicate about the event, action, object, person, or place. Symbols can be used for both receptive and expressive communication.The first habit of good listening is to pay attention to the person who is speaking. Good listening includes acting in a way that is considerate of the other person. As a part of listening, you shou ld seek to help the person feel good about them. You must also be aware of cultural differences. Body postures, eye contact, distance between people, may all mean different things to people from different cultures. Listen for the persons entire meaning rather than to simply understand content. Pay full attention to nonverbal cues and the tone of the persons voice. To deepen your individual and the groups understanding of a persons message, consider reflecting back to the member without judging or evaluating. The important factors constitutes for effective speaking are Your audience is there to hear your message, relax and deliver that message, instead of focusing on yourself, make sure that your speech is right for your audience. Set good examples and encourage the young people to take responsibility for their future, be natural and animated. Use hand gestures, drink water, and move around a little, make eye contact with the audience, Practice your speech ahead of time.

Young Goodman Brown-Allegory and Symbolism

Young Goodman Brown-Allegory and Symbolism Free Online Research Papers Allegory and Symbolism Nathaniel Hawthorne is a nineteenth-century American writer of the Romantic Movement. Hawthorne was born is Salem, Massachusetts, and this is the place he used as the setting for some of his works: such as The Scarlett Letter, the Blithedale Romance and Young Goodman Brown. In writing, Hawthorne was known for his use of allegory and symbolism, which made his stories a joy for everyone to read. Hawthorne was said to be the first American writer who was conscious of the failure of modern man to realize his full capacity for moral growth. His stories contain much about the life he knew as a child being brought up in a Puritan society. As Hawthornes writing continued it was filled with the same amount of sin and evil as his first writings. Evil that was revealed through his works. Young Goodman Brown was said to be one of the best stories ever written by Hawthorne (Adams70). The Marble Faun: and the Scarlett Letter were some of the other stories written by Hawthorne, and they were said to be Young Goodman Brown grown older. In this selection there is a question of maturity for Goodman Brown and whether he is good or evil. There is also a transition from childishness to adolescence to maturity. This short story in particular has a feeling of adultery, betrayal, and deception as in some of his other works. It was said by Richard P. Adams that young Goodman Brown was a germ for nearly all his best work that followed (Adams 71). The use of symbolism in young Goodman Brown shows that evil is everywhere, which becomes evident in the conclusion of this short story. Hawthornes works are filled with symbolic elements and allegorical elements. Young Goodman Brown deals mostly with conventional allegorical elements, such as Young Goodman Brown and Faith. In writin g his short stories or novels he based their depiction of sin on the fact that he feels like his father and grandfather committed great sins. There are two main characters in this short story, Faith and Young Goodman Brown. Young Goodman Brown is everyman seventeenth-century New England the title as usual giving the clue. He is the son of the Old Adam, and recently wedded to Faith. We must note that every word is significant in the opening sentence: Young Goodman Brown came forth at sunset into the street of Sale, Village; but put his head back, after crossing the threshold, to exchange a parting kiss with his young w2ife. She begs him to put off his journey until sunrise, but he declares he cannot. [It] should not escape us that she tries to stop him because she is a similar compulsion to go on a journey herself-She talks dreams, too, Young Goodman Brown reflects as he leaves her. The journey each must take alone, in dread, at night, is the journey away form home and the community from conscious, everyday social life, to the wilderness where the hidden self satisfies or forces us to realize its subconscious fears and prompting in sleep. We take that journey with him into the awful forest. Noting the difference between the town and the forest. We see Hawthorne using the Puritan association of trees and animals. When Young Goodman associates returns to Salem Village, his eyes are opened to the true nature of his fellowmen, that is human nature; he inescapably knows that what he suspected of himself is true of all men Hawthorne has made a dramatic poem of the Calvinist experience in New England. The unfailing tact with which the experience is evoked subjectively in the more impressive concrete terms, is a subordinate proof of genius. I should prefer to stress the wonderful I control of local and total rhythm, which never falters of stackers, and rises from the quest but impressive opening to its poetic climax in the superb and moving finale. Hawthorne has imagin atively recreated for the reader that Calvinist sense of sin, that theory did in actuality shape the early social and spiritual history of New England. But in Hawthorne by a wonderful feat of translation, it has no religious significance; it is as a psychological state that it explored. Young Goodman Browns faith in human beings, and losing it he is doomed to isolation forever (Peabody 331). Young Goodman Brown is the main character and the protagonist, and Faith Brown, his wife is said to be one of the antagonists in this selection. Young Goodman Brown is a husband of three months and is still said to be immature. Brown symbolizes immaturity, goodness, and everyman. He is a very religious person, happy in his marriage, trustworthy and naà ¯ve. Young Goodman Brown is stern, sad, darkly meditative, distrustful if not a desperate man (Adams 72). Brown is said to be naà ¯ve because he goes into this evil forest even though his wife warned him of the danger that he was about to encoun ter. Brown, actually is every man, whether young or old our parents in some way try to protect us form danger and thats just what his mothers ghost was trying to do, but as we all know our fathers pushes us on even if we are going to make a mistake and thats just what his fathers ghost did. This forest represents evil and destruction. There is always an association between forests and evil because of its dark and gloomy nature. That is why the witch meetings were held in the midst of it. Faith was another character in the story; she was the wife of Young Goodman Brown. This young woman is filled with sin yet she is said to be Godly. Because Faith was so honest and Godly, Young Goodman Brown put all of his faith in her, which made heroin of his worst enemies. Faith is said to be a good wife pure and poisonous, a saint and sinner and a pretty pink ribbon-wearing woman. Hoffman writes that Faith is the forest. They both are considered to be evil (Levy 121). Faiths ribbon is a descripti on of her personality or her inner-self. The pink ribbon that Faith wears is a symbol of sin and purities. Faiths ribbon is found in the evil forest and thats when Faith is really seen as an unclear person. Faith is also said to have committed adultery not only against Young Goodman Brown but also against God because she gave in to the likes of the devil. The ribbons provide a continuity between faith as an ideal of religious fidelity and as partner in a witches Sabbath. (Levy 122). The other character in this story was the devil or the other antagonist of Young Goodman Brown. The devil figure has a double function; he encourages and frightens the next candidate up for the evil baptism or damnation. This man is seen as an old person dressed raggedly and considered to be evil in a sense because he is in the forest. He leads Young Brown through the woods with a staff. A staff to some may symbolize Godliness but this one was carved in the shape of a snake, which is associated with evil and sneakiness as in the Garden of Eden. This staff is what Young Goodman Brown carried in to the witch meeting. Even though there were some major characters, there were some flat characters also: Goody Cloyse, the minister, and the deacon. Goody Cloyse was supposed to be the holy lady that taught everyone the catechism but she was just as evil as the forest because she was also a witch. The minister and the deacon were also corrupted and evil. They all were considered to be holy and people of God, but they were just the opposite. Young Goodman Brown was a short story that dealt with the realisms of reality. There was a question asked by the author at the end of the story: was this story a dream or was it reality? Young Goodman Brown at the beginning of this story was a immature, good, loyal, trustworthy, and holy man. He lacked strength, courage, firmness, seriousness, and determination as Puritan should, but at a point in this story he became an adult and matured. The story ended with Goodman Brown becoming a stern, sad darkly meditative, distrustful, if not desperate man. Hawthorne used all the character in this story to prove that good people also contain evil aspects. Research Papers on Young Goodman Brown-Allegory and SymbolismMind TravelThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameThe Fifth HorsemanAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceWhere Wild and West Meet

Report (not essay) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Report (not ) - Essay Example In the same vein, Chancellor Gordon Brown made a promise that Britain would be a leader in tackling the issue on an international level. Emission of CO2 from various industries and motor vehicles is choking the environment and leading to the greenhouse effect or trapping of large amounts of heat that leads to an increase in the earth’s temperature. During the last century, it is believed that the surface of the earth has warmed up by 0.75 degrees C. Other than CO2 , gases like methane, nitrous oxide and water vapour also contribute to this hazard. The following chart shows the sector wise distribution of global emissions: The UNFCCC defines climate change as â€Å" a change of climate that is attributed to directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comaprable time periods.†[Gleneagles G8 Summit] Some analysts however feel that the noise created around global warming might be the handiwork of some individuals for gaining their own interests. The situation is not really as bad as it is projected and in case reports about global warming are believed, we might be going back to pre-industrialization era.. Richard Courtney [1999] feels that people advocating the global warming theory are some researchers who are in need of research grants and some organisations working in the field of environment and need donations. He is of the opinion that they are promoting an imaginary fear of a man-made phenomenon. By promoting fear, they are selling their goods and ideas to the government and general public. It is clear that industries that cater to a clean and pollution-free environment will benefit from the commotion created around global warming and climate change. As such, industries that would discourage the use of fossil fuels, conventional methods of

Gender, sex ( with using CAUSE AND EFFECT style) Essay

Gender, sex ( with using CAUSE AND EFFECT style) - Essay Example A child will learn from its parents the difference between man and woman, boy and girl and identify the attributes that are associated with each term. In this respect, a childs idea of a man would be different in a household where the male is the breadwinner as opposed to the female, and vice versa. Although these gender categories are highly stereotypical, they form the basis for the childs basic understanding of gender and what it means to be female or male. Secondly, cultural beliefs play a large part also, with the views of the parents a strong factor. For instance, in Saudi Arabia, a number of people may believe that women were born only in order to serve a men or for giving birth to a child and then to raise him. In the same vein, and to use an extreme example, Eskimo men exploit their wives in order to set up trading associations with other Eskimos. They frequently present their wives sexual services in front of other Eskimo man just to strengthen the hunting or business relationship. In an Eskimo household, imagine how a young girl would see herself after being bared to these ideas over her first 5 years at home. Of course, this is an extreme example but it substantiates the point. Another aspect is media, media also uses interpellation as a form of recruitment that can inspire individuals to recreate their gender identity, presenting issues in a light that encourage people to join up or take a stand thus aiding the expansion of a collective identity amongst a specific gender. Phrases such as: "It was recognized that people label someone a feminist when someone expresses emotions that distinguish women from doormats," are designed to incite people into joining a shared individuality in the form of a group, in this case feminism. Lastly, our peers are a huge influence on the way that we see gender, and identify with the requirements of the same. The boys in a childs school may all play football, and therefore it is

Levi's Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) Essay

Levi's Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) - Essay Example To perceive business as a mere profit milking enterprise is indeed superficial. In taking this perception into a deeper perspective, brings us to a more substantial and considerable wide array of benefits that is significant for one’s progress and development. In contrary to this, there are some companies who may have had a selfish culture enveloping their business undertaking, that is being one-sided and working for the own and sole advantage of the company. They tend to be biding for the cheaper raw materials, paying less for the workers and providing substandard customer service that would later translate to poor quality of products and services. This is the wrong way of doing business as it sacrifices the satisfaction of the customers who happens to be the core reason for the existence of one’s business. If you want to stay long in the business and build your own identity in the industry, you must take extra good care of these vital stakeholders. Taking all of these into account let us study and analyze the business ways and practices of one of the world’s most renowned brand for centuries now and still counting, the Levi Strauss & Co. Levi Strauss & Co â„ ¢ or simply Levi’s  ® for most of us has been in the industry since 1873. The Levi’s  ® jeans is one of the top-of-the-head brands when it comes to the clothing apparel industry. What makes them outstand for generations one after the other is their constant effort and thirst over continuous improvement and development of their brand. Given such, the company makes sure that whatever the customer’s need, the customer’s gets. Despite of being a large brand recognized internationally and globally, Levi’s  ® has been responsive in giving back to the community. That is, successfully formulating their Corporate Social Responsibility and effectively delivering it to the public in various forms. To concretize this, Levi’s  ® believes that, à ¢â‚¬Å"Our efforts to help solve the most critical issues facing society – HIV/AIDS, equality, worker rights – have been recognized far and wide, as has our commitment to caring for the communities in which we live and work†1. There have been numerous award-giving private and public, local and international organizations that recognized the community efforts given by this company. To tackle one by one these critical issues facing the society today, let us start with HIV/AIDS. Last June 2010, LS&Co. partnered with Grassroot Soccer, a non-profit organization that utilizes the influence of soccer in educating and promoting activities against HIV/AIDS. â€Å"Through a series of interactive discussions and activities, Levi Strauss & Co. employees’ children will gain a better understanding of HIV/AIDS and get a chance to practice the skills necessary for protecting their health as they enter adulthood. Key topics include learning how to make healthy decisions, a void risky behavior, build supportive networks, reduce the stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS and raise awareness of HIV/AIDS testing and treatment†2. 1 LeviStrauss,†Recognition,† Online, http://www.levistrauss.com/about/recognition March 19, 2011 2 GRSweb, â€Å"GRASSROOT SOCCER PARTNERS WITH LEVI STRAUSS & CO.,† Online, http://www.grassrootsoccer.org/2010/06/24/grassroot-soccer-partners-with-levi-strauss-co-to-combine-soccer-and-hiv-prevention-in-world-cup-camp/ (March 22, 2011) True enough, Levi Strauss & Co. definitely knows how to use influence in a positive

Healthcare in Developing Countries

Healthcare in Developing Countries Kyle Barber Healthcare in Developing Countries For any country to make the transition from developing to developed, there are many factors that must work in unison in order to achieve this transition. These development goals cover a wide spectrum of factors that are simultaneously unrelated and interlocked [LL2]with one another. Although there are many different factors that push a country towards development, the provision, and societal access to, healthcare [LL3]is almost unanimously agreed to be one of the most important signifiers in a countries transition. [LL4] Most economic problems in developing countries are largely due to a high majority of the population living in poverty[LL5]. In these countries, there are at least one billion people living on less than one US dollar a day[LL6]. There are two and a half billion people living on less than two US dollars a day. Regarding healthcare, just over one third of the population of the entire world lacks what we consider to be adequate health care (Bale). At its most basic root, the cost, access to, and availability of healthcare, like every other economic signifier we study, is determined by basic supply and demand. Simply put, we [LL7]have a distinct lack of adequate health care being supplied in these developing nations. Not only that, but those that need it most are not seeking out, or demanding, the healthcare they need to flourish[LL8]. There are many factors that lead to these shortages [LL9]of supply and demand, as well as many theories and policies aimed at correcting these market ineff iciencies. While everyone [LL10]is essentially working towards the same goal, there exist a multitude of different policies and interventions designed to achieve this goal. The problems on the supply side facing developmental healthcare in these countries can be attributed to a few underlying factors. One of these factors can be boiled down to the same issue that causes most all economic issues: lack of resources (ODonnell). The problems that face facilitating change without adequate resources inevitably leads to the misallocation of these resources and not utilizing them in the most effective, efficient way possible[LL11]. This misallocation of resources can take many forms, including concentrating said resources in improper geographic areas such as large, urban cities that do not necessarily require these economic interventions[LL12]. Unfortunately, the majority of public health expenditure is still absorbed through hospital based care, which is virtually impossible for the poor, rural population of these developing countries to utilize (Peabody, Taguiwalo and Robalino). The insufficient resources at play affect the supply side of healthcare in that t he capital required to actually get the train rolling is just not available to provide the adequate facilities, medicine, and proper personnel necessary to facilitate radical change in as many locations as needed (Peters, Garg and Bloom). The early years of the fight for improved healthcare worldwide consisted of many different types of policies aimed at reversing this trend, but even though some of them differed, one main goal persisted through each: accessibility of healthcare for the poor. As the years have gone on and the accessibility of these benefits has risen dramatically, the goal has shifted from correcting the lack of accessibility to improving the inadequate quality of said healthcare (Peabody, Taguiwalo and Robalino). [LL13] In these developing countries, obtaining and providing the facilities and supplies can go a long way toward achieving our healthcare goals[LL14], but these issues represent only part of the problem. The real problem is then convincing those in poverty and in need of aid to utilize these resources. Clinics and medicine do no good, and as such represent further insufficient allocation of resources, if these interventions do nothing to foster demand for these services[LL15]. Once again, [LL16]the extreme poverty that these people are forced to live in become is the main factor that dictates that lack of demand. But besides just that broad, all-encompassing, underlying reason of poverty, [LL17]we can look at two, more specific, factors that can suppress demand of all types across the economic landscape. These two factors are the outside constraints put on the consumer, in this case those without adequate healthcare, that limit their respective ability to consume, as well as the personal preferences of any individual that will lower their a willingness to consume (ODonnell). The outside constraints on these families and individuals that limit demand, especially in developing countries, are also influenced by a variety of factors that all work cohesively to make it so that those in poverty remain in poverty. Evidence shows that amount of household income earned has a strong positive relationship between standard of living and utilization of healthcare (Bale). Basically, the more money a family brings in, the more likely they are to utilize healthcare. This all comes back to resources, though this time it is the resources of the family as opposed to those of the intervening party[LL18]. This makes sense though, as it stands to reason with the high price of healthcare, that some may start to view maintaining health and wellness as a luxury more than a necessity.[LL19] When you are living day to day and struggling as it is to put food on the table, certain things become prioritized over others[LL20]. While relative income plays a large role, the actual price of receiving treatment becomes another huge deterrent in seeking out adequate healthcare (Peabody, Taguiwalo and Robalino). Many of these countries, and especially the poor population, do not have any sort of medical insurance. So all of these visits and trips to the doctor end up coming out of their own pockets[LL21]. The high price of visits, in addition to a variety of different user fees possibly associated with treatment, make those living in poverty much more price sensitive than those that are better off. So while those that need it most remain in poor health, those that are well off may seek treatment for much less serious ailments. In addition to the actual costs associated with treatment, there exist costs outside of formal charges that may effectively filter out potential patients. Costs [LL22]associated include foregone earnings that would have been made that day, travel costs for treatments, as well as distance, time, effort, and poor road conditions all deter potentia l patients (ODonnell).[LL23] Even if one [LL24]is financially able to pay treatment costs, there are a variety of preferential [LL25]factors that may prevent them from doing so. Cultural and gender issues can lead to a lower demand of healthcare, even if readily available. There is a great deal of history and tradition in developing countries, so much so that many people in these countries still utilize traditional therapies of the culture rather than modern medicine. This trend to use traditional therapies is negatively related to income and education (Peters, Garg and Bloom). Helping these people to gain knowledge and further educate themselves is [LL26]one of the first steps in solving this issue. Education can assist in just being able to recognize illness and the potential benefit of the modern treatments for these illnesses. Many of these societies culturally do not employ much gender equality, and as such, access to maternal, reproductive, and child health care has proven difficult (ODonnell). Because so many people are ill, and there is not adequate treatment, rampant illness almost becomes the norm and severe illnesses become harder and harder to recognize[LL27]. A continued push for education would go a long way in alleviating some of these symptoms. All of these factors regarding inadequate healthcare necessitate the introduction of financial interventions and aid[LL28]. Because there are so many underlying causes, there have been many theories and policies enacted in order to reverse this negative trend[LL29]. Raising the utilization of effective interventions requires a multitude of different things. First, any raise in utilization is not possible without first introducing more capital[LL30], and then directing [LL31]the spending of this capital towards the most effective programs[LL32] in order to maximize efficiency. These interventions should also me [LL33]geographically proportional to population and need (Peabody, Taguiwalo and Robalino). Opening up a new facility in a large city that doesn’t need one does not good. [LL34]Management of these operations must also be reformed to maximize efficiency[LL35], and regulatory and political incentives must be introduced and provided in order to promote utilization. Some of the more specific goals include extending health insurance coverage to more users (Bale). Although this is more of a long-term policy, growing this number will provide a great incentive for treatment. [LL36]Policies that aid the poor, such as subsidies and fee waivers, will greatly cut back on individual costs of treatment [LL37]and promote care as well (Peters, Garg and Bloom). Most of the surface issues associated with healthcare in developing countries can be attributed to an access problem and a quality problem. When we look closer though, we can see that these are just a few factors that can hold us back from achieving our MDG’s. We now need to move towards alleviating some of the educational and income disparity issues, and the solving of these two problems, while by no means a clean, absolute fix, can provide great strides we may have yet to even see[LL38]. Works Cited Bale, Harvey E. Proposal Improving Access to Health Care for the Poor, Especially in Developing Countries. n.d. Global Economic Symposium. ODonnell, Owen. Access to Health Care in Developing Countries: breaking down demand side barriers. (2007). Peabody, John W., et al. Improving the Quality of Care in Developing Countries. Disease Control Prioritites in Developing Countries. 2006. Peters, David H., et al. Poverty and Access to Health Care in Developing Countries. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 25 July 2008. Word Count: 1513 [LL1]Good start. But a few issues linger. Grammar (esp. overuse of commas) makes following some of your writing challenging. Missing some opportunity for critical/economic analysis. Grade: 75 – 10 (late): 65 [LL2]These seem like opposites. How is this possible? [LL3]Grammar/punctuation is not right [LL4]Strong claim†¦ citation? [LL5]Citation? [LL6]Which countries? Citation [LL7]We? [LL8]Why do you suppose? Citation? [LL9]Is there a shortage? Sounds like you just said supply is low, but so is demand. [LL10]? [LL11]Wording? [LL12]Examples? Why is this bad? Isn’t this where most of the people live? [LL13]Why the switch in objectives? What were the results? [LL14]Which are what? [LL15]Really really strong claim†¦ citation? [LL16]? Does this tie into the previous supply discussion? [LL17]wording [LL18]? [LL19]Not sure about this luxury vs necessity language†¦ (also Discussion from Poor Economics applies here) [LL20]Yes [LL21]Who ultimately pays when insurance is involved? [LL22]Opportunity costs [LL23]Possible solutions to the problems (and can you clarify†¦ what are the problems? High prices? What if the costs or provision are high. Are high prices a problem?) [LL24]Who? [LL25]? [LL26]Is? Citation? [LL27]? [LL28]Strong claim†¦ Citation? [LL29]Examples? [LL30]From where? [LL31]Who will direct it? Where? [LL32]How will we know what these are? [LL33]? [LL34]? [LL35]What do you mean by efficiency? [LL36]What do you mean? [LL37]Subsidies lower the costs? TANSTAAFL. [LL38]More (economic) discussion is warranted†¦ What are the incentives resulting in the status quo? The discussion regarding education is good, but can you be any more specific about how to address it? Are the advantages and disadvantages for the solutions or only advantages?

Essay --

Asian Carp Essay Arron Kruse 11/28/13 Choosing a spot in the Illinois River to fish or motorboat has become a very difficult task of late. Choose incorrectly and one’s boat might all of a sudden be overtaken by hundreds of fish, several dozen pounds in weight and jumping several feet out of the water. These fish are silver carp, one of several types of Asian Carp now present in many Midwest waterways. Having already overtaken and disrupted the ecosystem and economies of many Midwest waterways, the recent evidence that Asian Carp have infiltrated the Great Lakes watershed poses even more serious implications if a method of stopping them is not found. The bottom feeding common-carp was introduced to the United States in the 1800’s by immigrants who were aghast at the lack of a fish that was so prized in Asia and Europe in America. They are now well-established, but being smaller bottom-feeders they don’t pose as much of a threat as Asian Carp. Asian Carp were imported to the United States in the Early 1970’s to enhance fishing and control algae in sewage treatment areas. They were originally supposed to be held in contained areas, but very soon they escaped the breeding ponds during floods. Since then they have spread outward in a variety of ways. The silver carps ability to jump has sped its rapid expansion because it was able to jump over barriers other fish couldn’t. Adult Asian Carp have no natural predators in the US and are prolific breeders, laying hundreds of thousands of eggs at a time allowing them to spread with almost no interruption. They have also made it through lock systems as boats pas sed through. Before the dangers of Asian Carp were fully understood fishermen would sometimes use baby Asian Carp as bait which fur... ...n just a few were to traverse the lakes. It is clear that Asian Carp have found a new home in the United States. They have been able to spread easily and without almost any barriers throughout the Mississippi watershed, they are swimming on the precipice of the Great Lakes watershed. As of now they appear to be being kept out, but only by the slimmest of barriers. If they were to break through there would be very little chance at stopping them from the damage they would inflict on the wildlife and people who need the lakes for their livelihood. It is no longer just a cause for scientists and environmentalists to take up, this is a cause that threatens everybody in the Mississippi and Great Lakes Watershed. If we don’t act now we may be too late, in fact we may already be too late. Ask not what your watershed can do for you, ask what you can do for your watershed.

Prescribing in practice Essay

Introduction The following assignment will discuss and analyse a prescribing episode, within practice, furthermore will outline safe prescribing from the Nurse Prescribing Formulary (NPF, 2013-2015).To be able to analyse and reflect on my new role as Community Practitioner Nurse Prescriber (CPNP) I will use Gibbs (1988) reflective model and a structure that will allow the use of a consultation model (Appendix1,Fig1). The focus on prescribing within nursing profession was first brought into discussion by Royal College of Nursing (RCN) in 1980 but has proven to be cornerstone after was part of the government agenda as a result of Cumberlege report in 1996.This report outlined the need for nurse to become a prescriber especially in community settings to provide clients with better care, safe and practical access to medication (Nuttal, 2008). Furthermore â€Å"The Medicinal Product Prescribing Act â€Å"1992 outlined changes in circumstances including nurses as prescribers, followed by recommendati ons made by Crown Reports1999 that suggest that health visitors (HV)) should be authorised to prescribe from a limited list, identified as the nurse prescriber’s formulary (NPF). (DH,2004). Scenario For the purpose of this assignment all names has been changed to maintain confidentiality according to NMC (2008).The following scenario it is in relation to a situation experienced while on the morning baby clinic working alongside my mentor .A mother Lisa come for a regular weight check for her 4 month old infant called James .While discussing with Lisa her son weight progress ,she mentioned about her son having very dry scaly skin on scalp since birth moreover Lisa explained that sometimes skin on the scalp become like a patchy crusty rash and James feel uncomfortable , at times not settling. Edwards (2010) suggest that using a holistic assessment it is very important when coming in contact with the client as the problem presented can have a drastic impact on the quality of life for child and the family. As a student under the supervision of my mentor we started a holistic assessment of James and finalise with a prescription decision. I start by using open questions related to Jam es general health and I asked  Lisa if she had any concerns but she confirmed back to me that there was no issues with his health since birth .To make sure that information provided by Lisa was correct and I have accuracy in details exposed I repeated back and she confirmed. As a student practitioner prescriber it is very important to maintain good practice and use assessment frameworks and consultation models as possibility to improve and gain better skills(Nuttall,2008). The Consultation The purpose of the consultation model in prescribing practice is to assist nurses in identifying strategies to deliver a diagnoses and ultimately the appropriate prescription .There are various consultation models used in practice with normative or descriptive character , however for the purpose of this case scenario I will concentrate on Roger Neighbour 1987 consultation model. Moreover Neighbour (2005) outline through his model consultation as a journey divided by check points , connecting which is the first point where client establish the relation with the practitioner is essential followed by summarising, handing over, safety netting and housekeeping. To progress further it is relevant to mention influence of communication skills in consultation process furthermore considering that nurse practitioners don’t need different communication skills in comparison with other professionals prescribers (While,2002) .However(While,2002)found that the need for appropriate environment that can maintain privacy and confidentiality could be a potential barrier during consultation rather than communication especial for those working in client homes. I choose Neighbour 1987 model for consistency and easy to apply in any circumstances moreover stand as a journey establishing relations with the client through empathy and in the same time identify the need for balance between practitioner prescriber and client (Tate,2010).Another positive aspect that I took in consideration when choosing the model was also housekeeping as practitioner have the opportunity through this section to become reflective to avoid any unresolved issues before consultation is complete ( Neighbour,2005) .Despite the decision made to use Neighbour 1987 model I will move further and explain the process and prescribing decision using the principles of good prescribing pyramid ,( Appendix 1, Fig 2)(NPC,1999). Step 1 Assessment; Consider the patient The beginning of consultation according to Neighbour,(1987) is connecting with Lisa and building a relationship ,however in a noisy environment like the clinic I found this difficult .Despite this barrier I manage to find a sitting area that appear to be more private and had the opportunity to manage a discussion with Lisa to establish that I needed to do a physical examination on James .As James was under 16 years of age ,consent from parent or guardian was needed ,therefore Lisa give a verbal consent as she was the biological parent (NMC,2013).To proceed further I use mnemonic OLDCARD to asses James with Lisa’s assistance trying to interact with her and find out if any physical or affective changes occurred. Bryans (2000) suggest that during assessment the practitioner should use knowledge, experience, recognition and prioritisation ,so to proceed further with a holistic assessment and identify symptoms that will help me to rule a diagnosis I felt I needed to ask Lisa more questions .Following the identified symptoms and physical examination I conclude that this was cradle cap a form of seborrheic dermatitis mainly affecting skin on the scalp with patches and thick scaling and sometimes yellow crusty (Sheffield et al,2007).It is important to rule out other conditions when taking assessments as sometimes cradle cap can turn into atopic dermatitis or fungal infection such as tinea capitis or easily misdiagnosed with crusted scabies (Yoshizumi and Harada,2008).Further continuing my assessment I was able to conclude that none of this conditions were present in James situation . It was important to discuss with Lisa during consultation family history that could provide additional support for my final diagnostic conclusion .Going thru such topic area Lisa explain that her husband James dad was suffering with atopic eczema since childhood .This was quite an important piece of information as such conditions like atopic eczema ( dermatitis ) are hereditary conditions often (National Eczema Society ,2011).Atopic dermatitis or eczema is a chronic skin disorder inflammatory with pruritic skin that appears mostly on the face ,neck ,bends of the arms or legs caused by the malfunction in the skin barrier( NICE,2013). Step 2 Which Strategy? In order to progress further following discussion with Lisa under my mentor supervision as a CPNP V100 I made a prescribing decision based on the physical examination and the information provided I concluded that James was suffering from cradle cup (seborrheic dermatitis)(NICE,2013).Furthermore Lisa confirmed that James did not have any allergies and was not on any medication .It was important to relieve the discomfort and unsettling times for James and I decided to prescribe an emollient and a bath additive. Pendleton et al (1984) suggest that practitioner should discover client expectation furthermore should take in consideration other treatment options before prescribing .According to NICE (2013) greasy emollients and soap substitutes or bath additive helps to remove effectively the scales, further more regular washing of the scalp and gentle brushing can help to loosen scales. Another stage followed in the Neighbour (1987) is handing over period but after Justin skin on his scalp was carefully examined no evidence of infection was identified so no referral to the General Practitioner (GP) was necessary. Consider the choice of Product According to NPC (1999) practitioners should use mnemonic ‘EASE’ as can be seen in the chart below to choose appropriate cost effective product for clients. E How effective is the product? A It is appropriate for the client? S How safe is it? E Is the prescription cost effective? To make the appropriate decision for Lisa’s infant, under the supervision of my mentor I used the Nurse Prescribers Formulary (NPF) and decided to  prescribe Oilatum Junior bath additive and cream as I considered this combination more effective in Justin’s treatment .Moreover the packaging was also appropriate as comes in a pump action and this could reduce the infection risks associated with emollients and types of recipients manufactured (NPF,2013-2015). When deciding the prescription products and quantities I also took in consideration Lisa requirements furthermore according to NICE guidelines emollients should be prescribe in large quantities approximately 250-500 grams per week and in the same time cost effective (NICE,2007).It is important when prescribing emollients to discuss with clients /parents /carers possible side effects even this products are considered to be quite safe ,however bath additives should be taken in consideration because tend to leave the s kin slippery after bathing the infant( BNFC,2014) .When prescribing a product especially for infants it is important to educate the parent/carer how to use the product and make sure they are aware of any risks and side effects . Negotiate a contract According to (Courtenay and Griffiths,2005) when prescribing we should view the process as a shared decision-making between client and prescriber .The prescribing decision stands as a contract so it was important to remind myself that I should take in consideration Lisa satisfaction with my decisions .To achieve all my actions it was paramount to have effective communication skills and ability to identify the appropriate therapeutic treatment .Throughout entire process I think that Lisa felt empowered as I hand it over to her the responsibility to apply the emollients on Justin skin ( Braid,2001).As I am not yet non-medical prescriber the prescription for Lisa’s son was written by my mentor and information leaflets regarding seborreic dermatitis were given to Lisa for further guidance. Review According to Neighbour (1987) consultation model this step relates to safety netting and refers to follow up of the consultation and possible outcomes. Furthermore together with my mentor we arranged to follow up in ten days to see if Lisa’s infant was making any progress and treatment was effective .Through this review in ten day time practitioner can identify any more concerns of the parents and possible side effects of the treatment used(  DH,2010b). Record Keeping Following guidance of the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC,2006) it is practitioner accountability to ensure records are maintain accurately and prescription details it is recorded in the infant health record (NPC,1999).Moreover I ensured the details of the prescription and the consultation were entered into general computer system within the next 4 hours following consultation and the GP also was aware of the consultation and products prescribed .According to (NMC,2006) details of the consultation and prescription should be entered into the computer system within forty eight hours with exception for special circumstances. Reflection Using Gibbs reflective cycle during consultation process with Lisa’s infant I had the opportunity to identify positive and negative aspects and reflect on the scenario. In the same time final part of Neighbours consultation model refers to Housekeeping and this stands as another stage that give me the opportunity to reflect on my prescribing decision and consultation .I felt that throughout the whole process I used safe and effective decisions even at times I felt a bit nervous however my mentor feedback was positive in regards to my performance .One aspect that I found difficult was the environment ,at the time the baby clinic was busy and noisy and it was difficult to find a private area to conduct the consultation ,but such issues I could reflect on it for my future prescribing practice . Conclusion Through this experience I able to develop on my new role as V100 prescriber using specific tools like the consultation model and good prescribing steps .Furthermore I had the opportunity to apply appropriate communication skills and medical knowledge along with the legislation to conclude with a safe and effective prescribing practice . A new CPNP I can utilize different assessment tools based on a consultation model along with a decision making framework to support my practice and at the same time reflect on my ability to undertake a partnership approach that responds to client needs and concerns. Definitely this experience has been with great importance for my educational journey as V100 nurse prescriber. Reference: Baird, A., (2001) Diagnoses and prescribing .Primary Healthcare 11(5):24-26. Bryans, A., 2000. ‘Providing new insight into community nursing know-how through Qualitative analysis of multiple data sets of simulation data’. Primary Health Care Research and Development, 1: 79-89. Courtenay, M., Griffiths, M., (2005) Independent and Supplementary Prescribing-An Essential Guide, Cambridge University Press. Department of Health (2004) Extending Independent Nurse Prescribing within the NHS in England. London: The Stationery Office. Department of Health (2010b) Nurse Prescribing FAQ, http://tinyurl.com/367d5zx [Accessed on 20 April 2014]. Neighbour, R., (1987).The Inner Consultation: How to Develop an Effective and Intuitive Consulting Style, Lancaster: MPT Press. Neighbour, R., (2005) The Inner Consultation: How to Develop an Effective and Intuitive Consulting Style, Second Edition: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd National Institute for Clinical Excellence,(2013) Seborrhoeic dermatitis. Available on line http://cks.nice.org.uk/seborrhoeic-dermatitis [ Accessed on 20 April 2014] National Prescribing Centre (1999) Signposts for prescribing nurses-general principles of good prescribing .Prescribing Nurse Buletin1.National Prescribing Centre, Liverpool Nursing and Midwifery Council (2006)Standards of proficiency for nurse and midwife prescribers. Nursing and Midwifery Council. London Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) Guidance for continuing professional development for nurse and midwife prescribers. NMC Circular 10/2008. Nuttall, D.,(2008).Introducing Public Health to Prescribing Practice .Nurse Prescribing 6(7):299-305. Pendleton, D., Schofield, T., Tate, P., (1984). The Consultation: An Approach to Learning and Teaching .Oxford: Oxford University Press. While, A.,(2002).Practical skills: prescribing consultation in practice. British Journal of Community Nursing 7(9):469-473. Yoshizumi, J., Harada, T.,(2008) ‘Wake sign’: an important clue for the diagnosis of scabies. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology (34)6 p 711-714.

Cognitive Psychology And Mental Processes †Final Essay

Cognitive Psychology And Mental Processes – Final Essay Free Online Research Papers Cognitive Psychology And Mental Processes Final Essay Cognitive psychology deals with the mental processes like memory and problem solving. It is also concerned with internal processes such as attention, perception, thinking, reasoning and language. However in the past these processes were studied by means of laboratory tasks, however it has become clear that the cognitive approach is very useful when understanding developmental issues, social functioning and treatment of many mental disorders. Biological psychology however brings together biology and psychology to understand behaviour and thought it also looks at the link between biology and psychological events such as how information travels throughout our bodies. The roots of cognitive psychology has existed for the last 2,000 years Neisser (1967) (cognitive psychologist) published the ‘cognitive psychology’ as Neisser states cognition begins with sensory input, he says that our cognitive processes are most useful in responding to information that is present in the world and that is capable in being picked up by our sensory apparatus. However more recent studies show that Cognitive psychologists have made many contributions in order to help us understand the processes and structures involved in perception, attention and performance. All these contributions have taken various forms leading Eysenck and keane to identify three main strands in the cognitive psychology field. (1) Experimental cognitive psychology: this approach mainly relies on lab based studies of cognition in normal individuals (2) Cognition science: this approach involves producing computer programs to mimic the processes and outputs of the human brain. (3) Cognitive neuropsychological: this approach involves studying cognitive process in brain-damaged patients to understand the workings of the cognitive system. (E.g. some brain damaged patients can understand language but cannot speak or write it properly. Some cognitive psychologist suggests that this may be because different language functions are based in different parts of the brain. The main method used in cognitive psychology to help us understand the working of the human mind are lab experiments these attempt to help determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The main aim is to isolate a particular component of the cognitive process for the study. Such experiments can take on may forms such as control of groups, for the experiment to be successful it has to be proven against the hypotheses. Lab experiments however usually lack ecological validity this means the tasks being studied fails to include the influences of the natural environment. To try and understand humans cognitive psychologist use different kinds of strategies. firstly: (1) they identify the problem and form a hypothetical relation among the variables. (2) design and execute the experiment (3) examine the data from the experiment (4) communicate the results. so in a case of users of a word processor learn faster when they are given feedback they then put these into context in realation to humans, so they break the hypotheseis into two variables, like i mentioned before the independent and dependent variable and the experimental hypothesies predicts that the word processor affects the feedback, at the same time as meeting the hypthosies the null hypthosies is formulated that predicts that the feedback will not be affected by the word processor. this leaves the experiment open and can be seen from two different angles. many cognitive psychologits also use self report,case studies and obersavation techniques, these techingues are used to support the findings from lab experiments cognitive psychologhits use these techniques beacuse it gives them a good idea of the interaction between humans and the enviroment, however the results vary depending on the enviroment. observation in psychological terms requires collecting alot of data in a systematic and recordable manner. the psychologits may observe by taking part and participating with the subjects this helps them obtain a deeper understanding,however the downside to this approach is that psychologits may become too involved and may be unable to make relevant recordings. however case studies focus on single case , they allow psychologits to investiagte something in more detail then if they were dealing with more subjects. biopsychology however is linked to understanding human behaviour from the biological perspective. this approach involes studying processes within our bodies. it looks at the detailed function of our brain. biological psychology is relevant to psycholoy in three ways: (1) comparative method: this is when different studies of animals and speices are compared, this can also help understand human behaviour. (2) physiology : this shows how the nervous system and how the hormones work, how the brain functions and how changes in structre and how afficient the fuction of behaviour is. (3)investigation of inheritance: mechinisisms of inheritance (what an animale inherits from its parents). biological psychologits use many methods to carry out experiments they use contrast X-ray,standard x-ray,to take an X-ray photograph of an object, a beam of X-rays is passed through it onto a photographic plate any part of the object that absorbs X-rays differently will be distinguishable researchers also use other equpiment to monitor brain activity during certain mental tasks. these methods are taken from neuroscience and can be put into experiments. firstly there are two nureoscience techniques, the electroencephalogram (EEG) this measures the change in voltage generated by large numbers of neurons under an electrode placed on a scalp.secondaly there is positron emission topography (PET) this scans radio active isotopes, which is introduced to the subject as a small dose of water in the blood this then flows around the brain, this sort of scans usually show brain activity in the anterior cingulate. biological psychologits also use cat scans CAT SCANS during this process the individual lies on a table with their head in the middle of a doughnut shaped ring. an X-ray beam then goes through the individuals head from front to back.CAT SCANS are very useful for detecting tumors,blood clots and other brain abnormalities however at the same time they also have their limitations as they do not show the precise location of the brain damage. MIR SCANS however are similar to CAT scans in many ways but they produce cleaerer and more detailed pictures. in the MIR SCAN procudure radio waves are used to excite atoms in the brain, compared to CAT SCANS MIR scsns can be obtained in a horizontal plane. the limitations however are similar to those of the CAT SCANS as MIR scans tell us about the structure of the brain rather then the function.PET SCANS is one the biological approach that has attracted the media the most, the technique is based on poitrons which are the atomic particales emitted by radioactive substances.PET SCANS show the brain in action so therefore they are more advanced then CAT and MIR scans but the downfall of PER SCANS is that they tell us which area of the brain in active but fail to identify the areas of precision.what PET SCANS do do is that they indicate the activity levels in different areas of the brain over a period of 60 seconds electric stimulation of the brain simply involves applying a week electric current to the brain through very small electrodes. if it is done very carfully then the brain appears to respond to the current as if it were an actual nerve impulse. language and speech are a very key factor when looking at biological psychology, psychologitst say that for right handed people language is based mainly in the left-hemisphere and for left-handed people language is based in the left-hemisphere. Overall both biological and cognitive psychology have very different approches and look at different aspects of the human brain and body. the biological aspect of psychology looks at the brain,nervous system and techniques such as. split brain studies,invasive techniques, and X-rays. cognitive psychology however looks at the mind and how we as indivuals behaive BIBLIOGRAPHY Michael W.Eysenck PYSCHOLOGY A STUDENTS HANDBOOK Neil R. Carlson physiological psychology (fourth edition) www.scism.sbu.ac.uk/inmandw/tutorials/memory/qul.htm Research Papers on Cognitive Psychology And Mental Processes - Final EssayThree Concepts of PsychodynamicEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfResearch Process Part OneOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemGenetic EngineeringRiordan Manufacturing Production Plan

Biography of John Ford, Oscar-Winning Film Director

Biography of John Ford, Oscar-Winning Film Director John Ford (February 1, 1894 - August 31, 1973) was one of the greatest film directors of all time. He won four Best Director Academy Awards, more than any other director. He is best known for his Westerns, but multiple of his novel adaptations stand among the best films of all time. Fast Facts: John Ford Full Name: Sean Aloysius FeeneyOccupation: Film directorBorn: February 1, 1894 in Cape Elizabeth, MaineDied: August 31, 1973 in Palm Desert, CaliforniaSpouse: Mary McBride SmithSelected Films: Stagecoach (1939), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), How Green Was My Valley (1941), The Searchers (1956)Key Achievements: 4 Academy Awards for Best Director and the Presidential Medal of FreedomNotable Quote: It is easier to get an actor to be a cowboy than to get a cowboy to be an actor. Early Life and Education Born into an Irish immigrant family in Maine, John Ford (born Sean Aloysius Feeney) grew up in a moderately prosperous environment. His father owned saloons in Portland, Maines largest city. Ford was one of eleven children. Many of John Fords subsequent film projects related to his Irish heritage. The young John Ford played football in high school. He earned the nickname Bull for his habit of lowering his helmet as he charged the line. Fords older brother, Francis, left Portland to seek a career in New York in the theater around the year 1900. He was successful and took the stage name Francis Ford. By 1910, Francis moved to California to seek a movie career. After high school graduation, in 1914, Francis younger brother, John, moved to California with the hope of launching his own career. Silent Films John Ford got his start in Hollywood as an assistant in the production of his older brothers movies. He served as a stuntman, handyman, double for his brother, and occasional actor. Despite a contentious relationship between the two, within three years, John was his brothers primary assistant and often operated the camera. By the time John Ford made his debut as a director in 1917, Francis Fords career was on the decline. Between 1917 and 1928, the younger Ford worked on more than 60 silent films. However, only ten of them survive fully intact. For his entire career, John Ford was one of the busiest directors in Hollywood, but the silent years were unusually productive even by his standard. The Lottery Man (1919). Corbis Historical / Getty Images John Ford had his first significant success as a director with the 1924 epic The Iron Horse, about the building of the First Transcontinental Railroad. He filmed it on location in the Sierra Nevada mountains with 5,000 extras, 2,000 horses, and a cavalry regiment. Among the props used were an original stagecoach used by newspaper publisher Horace Greeley and Wild Bill Hickoks pistol. The movie earned an estimated $2 million on a budget of $280,000. Westerns John Ford is best remembered for his Westerns. From the 1930s through the 1960s, he helped design the look and feel of classic Western film. One of his favorite actors, John Wayne, appeared in more than 20 of his films as a featured actor. Wayne was in countless more projects near the beginning of his career performing as an extra. Stagecoach (1939). Moviepix / Getty Images Despite his early success with The Iron Horse, Ford didnt direct any Westerns between 1926 and 1939. However, when he once again returned to the frontier, Ford created what many critics consider one of the best films of all time. Stagecoach appeared in 1939, and the story of mismatched strangers thrown together in the vast emptiness of the West while riding through dangerous Apache territory thrilled audiences. It earned seven Academy Award nominations including Best Picture and Best Director. Thomas Mitchell won for Best Supporting Actor. Orson Welles reportedly studied Stagecoach in his preparations for making Citizen Kane. During World War II, John Ford served in the U.S. Navy Reserve creating wartime documentaries. He won Oscars for two of his films. He was with the U.S. military on D-Day and filmed the beach landing. He was recognized for his bravery during the war after suffering injuries while documenting attacks. American film director John Ford (1894 - 1973) in uniform as a Rear Admiral in the United States Naval Reserve, circa, 1957. Â  Pictorial Parade / Getty Images John Fords first movie after his service in World War II was 1946s My Darling Clementine, a Western featuring another of the directors favorite actors, Henry Fonda. He followed it with the so-called cavalry trilogy of movies starring John Wayne. They included 1948s Fort Apache, 1949s She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, and 1950s Rio Grande. Fords next Western didnt appear until 1956. Starring Jeffrey Hunter and rising star Natalie Wood, The Searchers quickly became a classic. In 2008, the American Film Institute named it the Greatest Western of All Time. In 1962, John Ford released The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance starring James Stewart and John Wayne. Many observers consider it the last great Ford film. It was a major success and one of the top 20 moneymaking films of the year. Cheyenne Autumn, the final John Ford Western, appeared in 1964. Unfortunately, it was not a success at the box office and was the most expensive film of the legendary directors career. John Ford directing My Darling Clementine (1946). Bettmann / Getty Images Classic Novel Adaptations Despite his association with Westerns, John Ford didnt win any of his Best Picture Oscars for them. Three of the four awards came with novel adaptations. The fourth wove the feature-length film The Quiet Man out of a short story. The first John Ford film to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture was the 1931 adaptation of Sinclair Lewiss novel Arrowsmith. Ford won his first Oscar for Best Director adapting Liam OFlahertys The Informer in 1935, a tale of the Irish War of Independence. In 1940, Ford took on John Steinbecks Great Depression novel The Grapes of Wrath. It was the directors third consecutive film working with the young actor Henry Fonda. Coming shortly after the end of the Great Depression, the movie was a huge success. It earned Ford his second Best Picture Oscar, and The Grapes of Wrath is often included on lists of the best films of all time. John Fords third Best Director Oscar came a year later with his adaptation of the Welsh mining saga How Green Was My Valley. It famously beat out Citizen Kane for the 1941 Best Picture Academy Award. The movie is a classic working-class drama in the spirit of Fords previous Oscar-winning efforts. How Green Was My Valley (1941). Corbis Historical / Getty Images Fords final Academy Award for Best Director came with a film that his movie company didnt want to make. With pressure from Ford, they funded 1952s The Quiet Man, a short story adaptation set in Ireland starring John Wayne. The worry was unfounded. In addition to winning John Ford an unprecedented fourth Best Director nod, it was one of the top ten moneymaking films of the year. Later Career Despite being dogged by ill health and declining eyesight, John Ford worked well into the 1960s. He completed Donovans Reef, his last film with John Wayne, in 1963. It was Fords final major commercial success, earning over $3 million at the box office. His last feature film, 7 Women, appeared in 1966. It was a story about missionary women in China trying to protect themselves from a Mongolian warlord. Unfortunately, the movie was a commercial flop. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962). Corbis Historical / Getty Images John Fords final completed project was a documentary on the most decorated U.S. marine titled Chesty: A Tribute to a Legend. It featured narration by John Wayne. Though filmed in 1970, it wasnt released until 1976. Ford died in August 1973. Legacy John Ford continues to hold the record for the most Best Director Academy Awards won with four. He also earned Oscars for two wartime documentaries. In 1973, he was the first recipient of the American Film Institutes Life Achievement Award. In the same year, Ford received the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He wasnt the only person winning awards for his films. John Ford directed a total of four Academy Award-winning acting performances, and ten appearances in his movies earned nominations. Source Eyman, Scott. Print the Legend: The Life and Times of John Ford. Simon Schuster, 2012.