How the Trans Alaska Pipeline Affected the Lives of the Alaskan Essay

How the Trans Alaska Pipeline Affected the Lives of the Alaskan Nativesand the company itself - Essay ExampleThe single 48-inch (1.22 m) diameter furrow was built between March 27, 1975 and whitethorn 31, 1977 at a cost of around US$8 billion. Five different contractors employing 21,000 people at the peak of work constructed the pipe in six elements 31 were killed in accidents during construction (Trans Alaska Pipeline).during the course of the retch (qtd. from Cowans). The obstacles faced and overcome in building the trans-Alaska pipeline are simply astounding. The harsh temperatures, rough terrain, wish of Arctic pipeline building knowledge at this time and the environmental concerns of a pipeline had to every(prenominal) be considered in making this project a success. In 1994, the American Society of Civil Engineers named the Alaska pipeline one of the Seven Wonders of the United States. Their list includes the Panama Canal, Golden Gate Bridge, Hoover Dam, the Kennedy Space C enter, the interstate Highway System, and the World Trade Center (qtd. from Cowans).Along the pipeline, there are eleven fondness stations, for each one with four pumps. Diesel or natural gas generators power each electric pump. Twelve pump stations were planned but philia Station 11 was never built, though the southward tally system for the pump stations retains a place for this nonexistent station. Usually only around vii stations are active at one time, and plans to replace the existing pumps with newer high-efficiency pumps may reduce the arrive of active stations even further (qtd. from Trans Alaska Pipeline). In areas where thaw-sensitive permafrost exists but the line must be buried, such(prenominal) as highway crossings or avalanche-prone areas, the pipe is encased in an insulated, refrigerated ditch. Nearby refrigeration, plants pump cold brine through 6-inch (15 cm) pipes, which absorb heat and keep the soil cooled. Other areas of burial are both conventional cover ed ditches or unrefrigerated but insulated ditches, depending on the sensitivity of the surrounding soil (qtd. from Trans Alaska Pipeline). The pipeline was ideal on June 20, 1977 and the first oil was pumped into the pipeline. On July 8, 1977, a huge explosion destroyed Pump Station Eight. The explosion killed one worker and injured five more. Human error was attributed to the cause of the explosion. On July 19, 1977, a loader damaged a valve just south of Prudhoe Bay. Approximately 2,000 barrels of oil spilled onto the background signal before the leak was stopped and repaired. On the next day, the first attempt of sabotage occurred. A section of insulation from the pipeline was torn off and supporting pipe brackets were torn from the line just northbound of Fairbanks. The pipeline itself was not injured and the oil continued to flow south towards Valdez. Several people were afterward arrested and convicted for malicious destruction of property (qtd.

Explain what Utilitarianism theory would say is our moral obligation Essay

Explain what Utilitarianism theory would say is our moral obligation to help cobblers last world hunger. Is distance a morally relevant criterion according to Utilitarianism Why or wherefore not - Essay ExampleAccording to Mill, ethical judgments should be base on the criterion of the usefulness of the serviceman acts. A person potty determine whether his/her action is good or evil based on its usefulness. However, the utility is seen not primarily as an individual utility, but as a in the public eye(predicate) utility.Utilitarianism takes into account the fact that the act can be considered ethically justified if it promotes happiness or gain for a large number of people. It is seen as the greatest happiness principle (Beauchamp, 2013). Based on this, utilitarianism evaluates human moral obligations to help end world hunger in accordance with the amount of eudaimonia that it can bring to humanity. The distance between the people in this regard is not critical, since the emp hasis is on the benefit for the whole of humanity in the case of our aid to poor countries. If the aid to the starving countries from developing countries volition lead to higher overall benefit and happiness, then utilitarianism appreciates it. Otherwise, utilitarianism does not see the moral reasoning for such

Day of leisure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

twenty-four hour period of leisure - Essay ExampleTo begin with, leisure is such a word that cannot be delineate by a single supposement, as there is so much to it than meets the eye. It is thus agreed that the crush way to really cover its meaning is to define it as an activity, as time, and as a state of mind.Leisure as time defines leisure as being free from obligations or duties that may be either paid or unpaid or tasks that atomic number 18 essential for our existence. Leisure time in this eggshell is seen as residual time. While there are those who see all the time that they glide by away from work is leisure time, the truth is only a small percentage of this time is basically spent for leisure. Some of the time spared after work can be used to do early(a) activities that are crucial to our survival, say eating or sleeping.As an activity, leisure does not entail livelihood maintenance tasks such as sleeping or general house cleaning. Leisure in this case means the ac tivities that we engage in for relaxation, growth, meditating, competition, engaging in certain(a) sport activity, painting and so on. These tasks are not done for our existence but for fun. As an activity, leisure is solely dependent on an individualistic.As a state of mind, it relates to the above definition in that leisure is dependent on an individuals perception of what they are doing and whether they perceive that to be leisure. Concepts that come into play here include perceived immunity or competence, intrinsic motivation, and the positive effect of the activity.Remember it is the above effect that helps the individual knows whether a certain experience was pleasurable to them. To elaborate a little on the above, we would say that in perceived freedom, the individual is free to choose the activity they want to engage in without any obligation to do so.In intrinsic motivation, the individual is not influenced by any external force to engage in a given activity and that suc h motivation comes from within. Perceived competence refers to an individual

Effect of Taxation on the Investment Decision in Firms Research Paper

Effect of Taxation on the Investment Decision in Firms - Research Paper practice sessionThe regimen dishes out standard operating procedure to specific sectors and fulfills its task of generating enough growth in high happen sectors. The investing decision of firms depends upon various factors like the political will and stability, the infrastructure and the tax regime. The taxes levied on incarnate enthronizations also have a direct perambulator on the profitability of these firms hence they become a vital factor while taking any investment decisions. This therefore makes tax enjoins an classical instrument with governments who manipulate it to ensure economic growth of a country.This paper examines the effect of taxes on investment decisions of the firms. It explains the various factors that affect firms functioning in the high risk taking sectors and the various instruments available with the government by which they can assist these firms to attain a better economic gro wth both for the firms and the country. In the end a case study of the steps taken to promote investments in the European brotherhood amplifies the points made in the paper.The profits that a firm earns be directly affected by the rate of taxes that are levied on its produce. This has a bearing on its investment capacity. The poor infrastructure and institutional facilities feature with high tax rates can make any country a poor investment destination for firms. The tax system is an effective tool in the hands of the government to encourage those sectors which crave investments of long gestational periods or poorly developed sectors where there is a need of capital investment. By altering the tax rates governments can shift the investments from more lucrative to high risk sectors by giving cuts in corporate tax and accelerated depreciation so as to increase the speckle tax profitability of the firm. This will lead to long run growth of the business as hale as the economy. The effects of the proposed tax cuts like the capital gain tax, import duty exemption or local indirect taxes should be measured in relation to the expenditure change that they can offset. such(prenominal) reductions in tax rates increase the firms investment capability. Lower taxes help to reap a high profit by the firms. The role of the governmentThe government hands out large incentives to firms that are subtle to invest in high risk sectors but which are good for the overall growth of the country. These sops can be in the form of tax holidays, import duty exemptions, exemption from custom duties and so on The firms investment decision is greatly influenced by these tax exemptions. Other major factors that also affect the investments are the political and economic stability of the nation, infrastructure facilities, transport system, roads etc. These factors have an important bearing as they make the environment more conducive for investment, tax rebates are important but cannot be the sole incentive for investment. Especially in the case of MNC and FDI, studies reveal that the investors are mostly influenced by the market, political factors and tax rebates which are being offered. The government attracts foreign investment in targeted high risk

The 17s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The 17s - Essay ExampleHowever, the appointed prime diplomatic minister in America George Grenville did not share the same opinion of other colonists and demanded America would be fast(a) to England.One of the major changes in England during this time period was the appointment of index George III. King George III was a young and inexperienced king who has been referred to as immature (Brinkley, 122). King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763, which forbid Americans to plump past a set line which was drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. This act was instated to limit hide trading in American further allowing England to control trade and commerce in America. However, this act failed to secure its goal as Americans continued to trade with Indians.In retaliation England passed The Sugar Act of 1764. This act was meant to decline sugar trade between the colonies and the French and Spanish. To further enforce a dependence on England King George III passed The Currency Act of 1764 (Brinkley 123). This act prevented the colonies from issuing money and to retire all money that was existence circulated. In order to increase taxes England issued the Stamp Act of 1765. This act taxed all printed documents in the colonies. Although these acts succeeded in change magnitude Englands debits these acts further created conflicts between England and the colonies.For the time umteen Americans learned to live with Englands policies. During this period many Americans were still experiencing anxieties about the economic depression that occurred in the 1760s. However, many Americans were beginning to shoot irritated with Englands policies. These Americans strengthened the argument for the independence of the colonies. The Quartering Act of 1765 further irritated the colonists by forcing them to quarter British troops in America (Brinkley, 125).In response nine colonies